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Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl © Flora of China

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl © G. Métailié

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl © K. Yamasaki

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

It is the main source of camphor, which is derived from chipped wood of the stems and roots, the branchlets and the leaves.The essential oil extracted from the leaves or by steam distillation of the wood, is used medically as an antiseptic, antispasmodic and immunostimulant.

The wood is used for making furniture.

In addition to camphor, the main constituent, it contains waxes, mucilages, sitosterol and red tannins which are used as dyes. Colour varies from red to brown. When the dye is applied in combination with iron as mordant, the color becomes olive green.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

クスノキ

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

樟

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

녹나무

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb. © Flora of China

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb. © CFH Nature Museum

Botanical classification

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Order:

Asparagales

Family:

Amaryllidaceae

Synonyms:

Amaryllis radiata L’Hér.

Plant growing area

Afghanistan, northern Burma, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), eastern Iran, Japan, southern Korea, northern Laos, Nepal, northern Pakistan, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam.

Grows from the sea level to 1000-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Lycoris radiata is a bulbous perennial plant of 30 to70 centimeters high. The plants form dark clumps along the edges of paddy fields or stream banks. It flowers in late summer or automn before the leaves appear. The flowers are red and grow in umbels; they are hermaphrodite.

Lycoris radiata is subject to frost, it appreciates well-drained soil and half shade.

Lycoris are traditionally grown for a long time and many "species" are in fact ancient hybrids and horticultural varieties.

Ten alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata. The bulbs are poisonous and must be leached before they are used for food. They are used for their emetic and expectorant properties.

A mucilage is extracted from the roots and the stem which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

China:

Because the plant blooms without leaves, flowers are red, and it often grows near graveyards, it is associated with death. It is described in the Lotus Sutra as grim flower that grows in Diyu (Hell) and guides the dead into the next reincarnation.

Japan:

In Japan the Red Spider Lily is associated with the arrival of automn and the ceremony of ancestors in the buddhist tradition. It is planted on graves since the plant, as in China, has correlation with death. The Japanese name means “the other shore flower”, other shore being Nirvana. It is believed that the souls are guided by the flowers to paradise.

The plant is connected with Chinese legends and has so many gloomy nicknames, that it is also called "the flower with six hundred names."

Korea:

The stem was used in Korea to produce a mucilage before the adoption in the early 19th century of Hibiscus manihot which replaced all other formation aids.

But because of its toxicity, it is rarely used.

Preparation process for making paper

The plant is cultivated. Bulbs should be planted in the spring. They should be divided every 7 years, six weeks after the desiccation of the leaves.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Order:

Asparagales

Family:

Amaryllidaceae

Synonyms:

Amaryllis radiata L’Hér.

Plant growing area

Grows from the sea level to 1000-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Lycoris radiata is subject to frost, it appreciates well-drained soil and half shade.

Lycoris are traditionally grown for a long time and many "species" are in fact ancient hybrids and horticultural varieties.

Ten alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata. The bulbs are poisonous and must be leached before they are used for food. They are used for their emetic and expectorant properties.

China:

Japan:

The plant is connected with Chinese legends and has so many gloomy nicknames, that it is also called "the flower with six hundred names."

Korea:

The stem was used in Korea to produce a mucilage before the adoption in the early 19th century of Hibiscus manihot which replaced all other formation aids.

But because of its toxicity, it is rarely used.

Preparation process for making paper

The plant is cultivated. Bulbs should be planted in the spring. They should be divided every 7 years, six weeks after the desiccation of the leaves.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Primary tabs

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

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Primary tabs

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

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