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Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

五味子

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

A mucilage is extracted from the roots and the stem which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

さねかずら

サネカズラ

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

오미자

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

French

Wikstroemia sikokiana Franc. & Sav. © LB Vilmont

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	3mm (2-4mm)
Average fibre width	12µm (4-20µm)
Fibre ends	Very variable.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint surface markings. V or zigzag cross-markings under polarized light.
Associated cells	Many associated cells of various shapes (rectangular), often broken.
Special features	Quiet short fibers with broad central portions. Flater fibers than mitsumata; may be twisted.
Herzberg staining	Yellow/ Bluish Green.
Graff 'C' staining	Bright blue.

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Halda

Diplomorpha sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai

Plant growing area

China, Korea, Japan.

Wikstroemia sikokiana grows in temperate climates, among the rocks on the mountain slopes between 1000 to 2800m (until 3500m), in the vicinity of sunny forest areas.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Fukui, Nagano, Ishikawa, Shizuoka prefectures ), Chugoku (Shimane, Tottori, Yamaguchi prefectures), Kansai (Hyogo, Kyoto, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, Wakayama prefectures), Kanto (Saitama prefecture), Kyushu (Miyazaki, Saga prefecture), Okinawa, Shikoku (Ehime, Kagawa, Kochi, Tokushima prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia sikokiana is a shrub of the Thymelaceae family, family, which includes nearly 500 species in 44 genera. There is a great confusion among the various Wikstroemias, Stelleras, Edgeworthias and especially Daphnes, because their morphologies are very similar.

Thymelaceaes are base plants for paper making in the Himalaya areas. The plants are valued for the large amount of hemicelluloses contained in the bark. They are also very much used in Chinese medicine.

Wikstroemia sikokiana is a deciduous shrub, growing slowly up to 2m. Blooming takes place between May and June. Its fruits are not edible and it has no known medicinal use.

The plant is often harvested in the wild because if it can be domesticated, it is with difficulty. It takes 5 to 7 years for the plant reaches a sufficient height (2m) to be harvested for its bark.

The sap is toxic and it is probably the reason why the paper is resistant to insects.

China:

There are 14 Wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (W. delavayi, W. leptophylla, W. canescens, W. lichiangensis, W. scytophylla, W. lamatsoensis).

Japan:

Gampi fibers would be used since the Nara period (710-794). There is evidence that the papers are highly valued at the court during the Heian period (794-1185) for writing poems, and these papers were dyed or may be decorated.

The Torinoko (cf. this name) of the former province of Echizen (Fukui Prefecture) appears in the middle ages, and it owes its name "bird’s child" because of its eggshell color and its glossy surface. It is used for calligraphy as it is a shinny paper on which ink does not bleed.

From Muromachi period (1336-1573) to Edo period (1603-1867), gampi papers are used as support for paintings because they increase sharpness of gold leaf decorations, very popular in those times.

Gampi was used in large quantities during the Meiji period (1868-1912), for the production of duplicating papers (cf.Tosa gampishi) used with the mimeograph or alcohol duplicator.
Currently, as cultivation is difficult, harvesting of shrubs growing in the wild, still exists. Fiber demand exceeds production so a part of gampi is imported from the Philippines.

One hundred kilograms of harvested gampi gives three to five kilograms of paper.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Harvesting takes place every three years from mid-March to late April when the sap is rising and makes the fibers bright and makes debarking easier.
The bark is peeled off immediately without steaming and hung to dry.

At this stage the bark is called "black bark". Alkaline cooking is done at this stage and lasts 2 to 3 hours. The alkaline agent is wood ashes lye or lime or caustic soda. Bleaching is sometimes made with chlorine.

After cooking, barks are placed in water for several days to remove cooking residues. It also allows achieving bleaching.

Beating is done manually or with a small hollander beater. Removing impurities is done manually or, more recently, with diaphragm flat screen because the fibers are relatively short. In this case the sorting is done after pulp beating.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray © CFH Nature Museum

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne grayana Halda

Wikstroemia obavata Hemsl.

Plant growing area

Japan, Philippines,Taiwan.

Grows in forest thickets, deforested slopes, grasslands.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia canescens is a shrub of the Thymelaceae family, family, which includes nearly 500 species in 44 genera. There is a great confusion among the various Wikstroemias, Stelleras, Edgeworthias and especially Daphnes, because their morphologies are very similar.

Wikstroemia retusa is an evergreen shrub, 1 to 3m high.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Japan:

It has been used since the Nara period (710-793).

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Harvesting takes place every three years from mid-March to late April when the sap is rising and makes the fibers bright and debarking easier.

The bark is peeled off immediately without steaming and hung to dry. At this stage the bark is called "black bark".

Alkaline cooking is done at this stage and lasts 2 to 3 hours. The alkaline agent is wood ashes lye or lime or caustic soda. Bleaching is sometimes made with chlorine. After cooking barks are placed in water for several days to remove cooking residues. It also allows achieving bleaching.

Beating is done manually or with a small hollander beater.

Removing hard impurities is done manually or, more recently, with diaphragm flat screen because the fibers are relatively short. In this case the sorting is done after pulp beating.

Paper names

The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

日本南五味子

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	3mm (2-4mm)
Average fibre width	12µm (4-20µm)
Fibre ends	Very variable.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint surface markings. V or zigzag cross-markings under polarized light.
Associated cells	Many associated cells of various shapes (rectangular), often broken.
Special features	Quiet short fibers with broad central portions. Flater fibers than mitsumata; may be twisted.
Herzberg staining	Yellow/ Bluish Green.
Graff 'C' staining	Bright blue.

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Halda

Diplomorpha sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai

Plant growing area

China, Korea, Japan.

Wikstroemia sikokiana grows in temperate climates, among the rocks on the mountain slopes between 1000 to 2800m (until 3500m), in the vicinity of sunny forest areas.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Japan:

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia sikokiana is a deciduous shrub, growing slowly up to 2m. Blooming takes place between May and June. Its fruits are not edible and it has no known medicinal use.

The plant is often harvested in the wild because if it can be domesticated, it is with difficulty. It takes 5 to 7 years for the plant reaches a sufficient height (2m) to be harvested for its bark.

The sap is toxic and it is probably the reason why the paper is resistant to insects.

China:

There are 14 Wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (W. delavayi, W. leptophylla, W. canescens, W. lichiangensis, W. scytophylla, W. lamatsoensis).

Japan:

From Muromachi period (1336-1573) to Edo period (1603-1867), gampi papers are used as support for paintings because they increase sharpness of gold leaf decorations, very popular in those times.

One hundred kilograms of harvested gampi gives three to five kilograms of paper.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

After cooking, barks are placed in water for several days to remove cooking residues. It also allows achieving bleaching.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne grayana Halda

Wikstroemia obavata Hemsl.

Plant growing area

Japan, Philippines,Taiwan.

Grows in forest thickets, deforested slopes, grasslands.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia retusa is an evergreen shrub, 1 to 3m high.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Japan:

It has been used since the Nara period (710-793).

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Harvesting takes place every three years from mid-March to late April when the sap is rising and makes the fibers bright and debarking easier.

The bark is peeled off immediately without steaming and hung to dry. At this stage the bark is called "black bark".

Beating is done manually or with a small hollander beater.

Removing hard impurities is done manually or, more recently, with diaphragm flat screen because the fibers are relatively short. In this case the sorting is done after pulp beating.

Paper names

The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

あおガンピ

青雁皮

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	3mm (2-4mm)
Average fibre width	12µm (4-20µm)
Fibre ends	Very variable.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint surface markings. V or zigzag cross-markings under polarized light.
Associated cells	Many associated cells of various shapes (rectangular), often broken.
Special features	Quiet short fibers with broad central portions. Flater fibers than mitsumata; may be twisted.
Herzberg staining	Yellow/ Bluish Green.
Graff 'C' staining	Bright blue.

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Halda

Diplomorpha sikokiana (Franch. & Sav.) Nakai

Plant growing area

China, Korea, Japan.

Wikstroemia sikokiana grows in temperate climates, among the rocks on the mountain slopes between 1000 to 2800m (until 3500m), in the vicinity of sunny forest areas.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Japan:

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia sikokiana is a deciduous shrub, growing slowly up to 2m. Blooming takes place between May and June. Its fruits are not edible and it has no known medicinal use.

The plant is often harvested in the wild because if it can be domesticated, it is with difficulty. It takes 5 to 7 years for the plant reaches a sufficient height (2m) to be harvested for its bark.

The sap is toxic and it is probably the reason why the paper is resistant to insects.

China:

There are 14 Wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (W. delavayi, W. leptophylla, W. canescens, W. lichiangensis, W. scytophylla, W. lamatsoensis).

Japan:

From Muromachi period (1336-1573) to Edo period (1603-1867), gampi papers are used as support for paintings because they increase sharpness of gold leaf decorations, very popular in those times.

One hundred kilograms of harvested gampi gives three to five kilograms of paper.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

After cooking, barks are placed in water for several days to remove cooking residues. It also allows achieving bleaching.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne grayana Halda

Wikstroemia obavata Hemsl.

Plant growing area

Japan, Philippines,Taiwan.

Grows in forest thickets, deforested slopes, grasslands.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia retusa is an evergreen shrub, 1 to 3m high.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Japan:

It has been used since the Nara period (710-793).

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Harvesting takes place every three years from mid-March to late April when the sap is rising and makes the fibers bright and debarking easier.

The bark is peeled off immediately without steaming and hung to dry. At this stage the bark is called "black bark".

Beating is done manually or with a small hollander beater.

Removing hard impurities is done manually or, more recently, with diaphragm flat screen because the fibers are relatively short. In this case the sorting is done after pulp beating.

Paper names

The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne © Plantillustrations

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne © CFH Nature Museum

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Bunge) Meisn.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne canescens Wall.

Daphne chamaedaphne (Bunge) Halda

Daphne sericea Wall. ex D.Don

Diplomorpha canescens (Wall. ex Meisn.) C.A. Mey.

Diplomorpha chamaedaphne (Bunge) C.A. Mey.

Diplomorpha virgata (Wall.) C.A. Mey.

Wiskstroemia canescens Wall. ex Meisn.

Wikstroemia salicifolia Decne.

Wikstroemia virgata Wall. ex Meisn.

Plant growing area

China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan).

Grows in open mixed forests, on bushy slopes, among boulders and on roadsides at an altitude from 500 to 1900m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne is a shrub of the Thymelaceae family, family, which includes nearly 500 species in 44 genera. There is a great confusion among the various Wikstroemias, Stelleras, Edgeworthias and especially Daphnes, because their morphologies are very similar.

Wikstroemia Chamaedaphne is an evergreen shrub that reaches 1m to 1.50m high.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

河朔荛花

Synonym:

Yao hua

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Bunge) Meisn.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne canescens Wall.

Daphne chamaedaphne (Bunge) Halda

Daphne sericea Wall. ex D.Don

Diplomorpha canescens (Wall. ex Meisn.) C.A. Mey.

Diplomorpha chamaedaphne (Bunge) C.A. Mey.

Diplomorpha virgata (Wall.) C.A. Mey.

Wiskstroemia canescens Wall. ex Meisn.

Wikstroemia salicifolia Decne.

Wikstroemia virgata Wall. ex Meisn.

Plant growing area

China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan).

Grows in open mixed forests, on bushy slopes, among boulders and on roadsides at an altitude from 500 to 1900m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia Chamaedaphne is an evergreen shrub that reaches 1m to 1.50m high.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Primary tabs

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Bunge) Meisn.

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Bunge) Meisn.

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Search form

Search

Primary tabs

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Wikstroemia sikokiania Franc. & Sav.

Wikstroemia retusa A. Gray

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Bunge) Meisn.

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne (Bunge) Meisn.

Pages