Search

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

紫草

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. © Flora of China

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc. © CFH Nature Museum

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

This is one of the oldest dyeing plant of China. Its use is mentioned in the "Qimin Yaoshu" or " “Important skills of the Common People” by Jia Sixie,agriculture treatise in ten volumes dating from the 6th century.

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

The plant has been cultivated since the Nara period (710-794) for its dyeing and also medicinal properties. The use of the dye during this period is reserved to members of the royal family and court officials. These restrictions persist during the Heian period (794-1185), with a sumptuary law that restricts its use for dyeing clothes of the Empress and her attendants.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The dye requires a laborious process of repeatedly kneading the roots in warm water to release the dye color. The roots are crushed put in hot water and mixed with rice vinegar. Temperature should not exceed 60° C.

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing). To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

In the present case, the pulp is generally dyed in the tank before making the sheet. The pulp which is ready for use is squeezed to remove water and then is placed in the dye bath and brewed. Then it is removed from the bath, rinsed and squeezed before being placed in the mordant bath, rinsed before being placed in the dye bath again. These successive baths allow for a deeper color.

Korea:

Root cut into small pieces is heated in hot water several times. To release the dye color the roots require a laborious process of repeatedly kneading them in warm water. The color will vary depending on the mordant used.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop). Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

지치

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Korea:

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Korea:

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Korea:

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

紫草

Synonym:

むらさき

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Korea:

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

キガンピ

黄雁皮

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino © Flora of China

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino © Asian Flowers

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino © T.H. Choi

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	4 mm
Average fibre width	19,8 μ
Fibre ends	Variable.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Cross-markings.
Associated cells
Special features	Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple.
Graff 'C' staining	Reddish purple.

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Diplomorpha ellipsocarpa (Maxim.) Nakai

Diplomorpha trichotoma (Thunb.) Nakai

Passerina japonica Siebold & Zucc.

Queria trichotoma Thunb.

Wikstroemai ellipsocarpa Maxim.

Wikstroemia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang), Japan (wild. Kiushu, West Japan), South Korea.

Grows in open forests, among shrubs on limestone hills, shaded places, roadsides, ca. 600 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia trichotoma is a shrub of the Thymelaceae family, which includes nearly 500 species in 44 genera. There is a great confusion among the various Wikstroemias, Stelleras, Edgeworthias and especially Daphnes, because their morphologies are very similar.

Thymelaceaes are base plants for paper making in the Himalaya areas. The plants are valued for the large amount of hemicelluloses contained in the bark. They are also very much used in Chinese medicine.

Wikstroemia sikokiana is an evergreen shrub, from 0,5m to 3,5m tall. Blooming takes place in summer. Its fruits are not edible and it has no known medicinal use.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Harvesting takes place every three years from mid-March to late April when the sap is rising and makes the fibers bright and makes debarking easier.
The bark is peeled off immediately without steaming and hung to dry. At this stage the bark is called "black bark".

Alkaline cooking is done at this stage and lasts 2 to 3 hours. The alkaline agent is wood ashes lye or lime or caustic soda. Bleaching is sometimes made with chlorine.

After cooking barks are placed in water for several days to remove cooking residues. It also allows achieving bleaching.

Beating is done manually or with a small hollander beater. Sorting hard impurities is done manually or, more recently, with diaphragm flat screen because the fibers are relatively short. In this case the sorting is done after pulp beating.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Korea:

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Lamiales

Family:

Boraginaceae

Synonyms:

Lithospermum officinale L. var. erythrorhizon (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Plant growing area

China (South East Gansu, North Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan), Japan, Korea, Eastern Russia.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Rhizomatous perennial bushy herb, that can reach 60cm to 1m of height. The plant grows in sun or semi-shade, in uncultivated meadows, sparse forests, hill slopes.. It prefers moist soils.

Flowering occurs from June to September. The flowers are white and grouped in small bouquets.The seeds are bright and hard as stone, hence the name of the plant.

The main dye, shikonin, is a naphthoquinones. It is found in the bark of the roots.

The plant is used in ancient Egypt and Greco-Roman world as a dye and as a cosmetic. Its use continues until the 19th century when it disappeared with the advent of aniline dyes.

Dried root of Listhospermum erythrorhizon are used in Chinese medicine for its antiviral and biological properties and in the preparation of creams for skin care.

China:

Japan:

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers and also in printing prints.

The plant has become very rare. It is grown in Iwate and Kyoto areas.

It is so famous in the 19th century in the West that it is called Tokyo violet.

Korea:

Its use seems very old in Korea, probably from the Goguryeo period (37 BC - 668 AD). This is a particularly popular dye by the nobility during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

It is used for dyeing fabrics and papers.

Preparation process for making paper

The roots are harvested in spring and in the autumn. They are dried for later use.

As shikonin is slightly soluble in water, the roots must be crushed and it is necessary to make several infusions. Extraction can be done also in vinegar.

Japan:

The color varies according to the mordant used from deep purple (ash lye) to purple grey (alum).

Korea:

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

산 닥나무

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	4 mm
Average fibre width	19,8 μ
Fibre ends	Variable.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Cross-markings.
Associated cells
Special features	Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple.
Graff 'C' staining	Reddish purple.

Botanical classification

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Diplomorpha ellipsocarpa (Maxim.) Nakai

Diplomorpha trichotoma (Thunb.) Nakai

Passerina japonica Siebold & Zucc.

Queria trichotoma Thunb.

Wikstroemai ellipsocarpa Maxim.

Wikstroemia japonica (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang), Japan (wild. Kiushu, West Japan), South Korea.

Grows in open forests, among shrubs on limestone hills, shaded places, roadsides, ca. 600 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Wikstroemia sikokiana is an evergreen shrub, from 0,5m to 3,5m tall. Blooming takes place in summer. Its fruits are not edible and it has no known medicinal use.

China:

There are 14 wikstroemia species in Yunnan among which 6 are located in the northwest (delavayi, leptophylla, canescens, lichiangensis, scytophylla, lamatsoensis).

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Alkaline cooking is done at this stage and lasts 2 to 3 hours. The alkaline agent is wood ashes lye or lime or caustic soda. Bleaching is sometimes made with chlorine.

After cooking barks are placed in water for several days to remove cooking residues. It also allows achieving bleaching.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Curcuma longa L.

Order:

Zingiberales

Family:

Zingiberaceae

Synonyms:

Amomum curcuma Jacq.

Curcuma domestica Valeton

Stissera curcuma Raeusch.

Kua domestica (L.) Medik.

Plant growing area

Native origin unknown but probably from India. Cultivated throughout tropical Asia (South-East Asia).

Afghanistan (Hazarajat), China (Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang/Tibet, Yunnan), India (Punjab), Pakistan.

Plant of forest edges.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Curcuma longa is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant and can reach a height of about 1m tall. It requests a hot and humid tropical climate, rich and well drained soils.

It is used as a spice, cosmetic and dye and also as tonic and diuretic.

The yellow dye contained in the roots is a mixture of curcuminoids, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin. The dye content is variable depending on the season and the cultivar.

It assumes protective properties throughout Asia. It has always had a symbolic place in the ceremonies and religious uses in India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pacific islands (marriage, birth, initiation, death ...). In particular, it is used for dyeing the dress of the Buddhist monks. It makes a poor fabric dye, as it fades with exposure to sunlight; however, it is commonly used in Indian clothing.

China:

Its use is mentioned in the "Jiangxi sheng dashi" or "Main annals of Jiangxi province" by Wang Zongmu (1523-1591) and Lu Wangmai (1515-1600).

Japan:

The first uses date back to the Heian period (794-1185). The dye was used to dye cotton canvas bags in which were stored the screens because it contains an insecticide. The color is pale yellow. It is used in printing ukiyo-e.

Korea:

It is mainly used in dyeing fabrics.

Preparation process for making paper

When harvesting the lateral rhizomes are taken to be cut into pieces and serve for replanting. The harvest takes place at the end of the first year when the leaves are withered.

The plants are gathered annually. They can be used fresh or prepared as a powder. In that instance, they must be boiled for several hours, then peeled from their skin and dried in the sun or in an oven. After complete drying they will be ground into powder. Fresh, they are crushed into a paste for immediate use.

Mordants used are aluminum (orange-yellow), iron (brown-black).

China:

Harvesting takes place when the leaves wilt, when the plant is about 1 year old.

The rhizomes are boiled and then dried in the sun.

They are ground into powder when they are dry or in paste when they are fresh for immediate use.

Japan:

To extract the dye, the plant is immerged in alcohol.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before making the sheet.

Korea:

Harvesting takes places in autumn. The roots are cut into small pieces and left to swell in water; then they are crushed. Le dye bath is prepared in three infusions of 10 to 20 minutes. After filtering the three infusions are mixed.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Dye

Primary tabs

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino

Curcuma longa L.

Pages

Search form

Search

Primary tabs

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Wikstroemia trichotoma (Thunb.) Makino

Curcuma longa L.

Pages