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Language:

Local scripture:

高秆莎草

Identification

Fibre type	Grass (Stem)
Average fibre lenght	3,5 mm
Average fibre width	14,5 µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Very large vessel elements and abundant parenchyma cells. Prominent wall.
Herzberg staining	Dark purple.
Graff 'C' staining	Reddish purple.

Botanical classification

Cyperus exaltatus Retz

Order:

Poales

Family:

Cyperaceae

Plant growing area

It grows in tropical south east Asia from India to Japan and southwards to southern Australia.

Bangladesh, Burma, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, South Guizhou, Hainan, East Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Shandong, Zhejiang), India, Indonesia, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

It grows at altitudes between sea level and 1100 meters, in grasslands, pond margins; it appreciates sandy soil, moist or wet places.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Cyperus exaltatus is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant which grows in tufts to more than one meter.

Korea:

Cyperus exaltatus is used mixed with paper mulberry fibers as a supplement in the pulp.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Leaf

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Salix koreensis Andersson © Flora of China

Salix koreensis Andersson © Cornell University

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Salix koreensis Andersson

Order:

Malpighiales

Family:

Salicaceae

Synonyms:

Salix pierotii Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan, Korea, Far East of Russia.

Grows along rivers, damp mountain slopes, or is cultivated; near sea level to 700 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Korea:

Gyeongsangdo, Jeonrado, Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo.

Plant cultivation and use

Salix koreensis is a tree that can reach 20m in height.

Korea:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also reeds, the bark and needles of pine, the leaves of willow. Indeed, the willow leaves seem to be used as a complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Twigs

Leaf

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Japanese

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Salix koreensis Andersson

Order:

Malpighiales

Family:

Salicaceae

Synonyms:

Salix pierotii Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan, Korea, Far East of Russia.

Grows along rivers, damp mountain slopes, or is cultivated; near sea level to 700 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Korea:

Gyeongsangdo, Jeonrado, Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo.

Plant cultivation and use

Salix koreensis is a tree that can reach 20m in height.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Twigs

Leaf

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

朝鲜柳

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Salix koreensis Andersson

Order:

Malpighiales

Family:

Salicaceae

Synonyms:

Salix pierotii Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan, Korea, Far East of Russia.

Grows along rivers, damp mountain slopes, or is cultivated; near sea level to 700 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Korea:

Gyeongsangdo, Jeonrado, Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo.

Plant cultivation and use

Salix koreensis is a tree that can reach 20m in height.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Twigs

Leaf

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

버드나무

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Salix koreensis Andersson

Order:

Malpighiales

Family:

Salicaceae

Synonyms:

Salix pierotii Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan, Korea, Far East of Russia.

Grows along rivers, damp mountain slopes, or is cultivated; near sea level to 700 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Korea:

Gyeongsangdo, Jeonrado, Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo.

Plant cultivation and use

Salix koreensis is a tree that can reach 20m in height.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Twigs

Leaf

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght	2mm (1-3mm)
Average fibre width	18µm (10-25µm)
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Blunt or pointed
Associated cells	Thin walled pitted fibres. Rectangular, oval, rod-like parenchyma cells. Epidermal cells.
Special features	Large vessel elements, unpointed prickles in epidermis. Very faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Botanical classification

Phragmites communis Trin.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Arundo phragmites L.

Plant growing area

Common reed is found throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

Burma, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Phragmites communis is a large perennial grass. This common reed grows in clumps in swamps and by riverbanks on waterlogged and low oxygen soils. It has a long slender stalk topped with a silver feather duster and reaches to a height of 2-3 metres. It has a perennial rhizome, allowing it to colonize the riverbanks, sometimes very invasive.

It is used for thatching, making baskets and mats. It is commonly used in the making of blinds in Japan.

Currently it is also used in making a rough paper.

Japan:

Plant is used as a yellow dye for fabrics in Japan; the colorant, the tricine is a flavone.

Korea:

Used in combination with the bark of paper mulberry during the Joseon period (1392-1910) as substitute material for paper mulberry.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Fiber

Language:

French

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght	2mm (1-3mm)
Average fibre width	18µm (10-25µm)
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Blunt or pointed
Associated cells	Thin walled pitted fibres. Rectangular, oval, rod-like parenchyma cells. Epidermal cells.
Special features	Large vessel elements, unpointed prickles in epidermis. Very faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Botanical classification

Phragmites communis Trin.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Arundo phragmites L.

Plant growing area

Common reed is found throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

Burma, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

It is used for thatching, making baskets and mats. It is commonly used in the making of blinds in Japan.

Currently it is also used in making a rough paper.

Japan:

Plant is used as a yellow dye for fabrics in Japan; the colorant, the tricine is a flavone.

Korea:

Used in combination with the bark of paper mulberry during the Joseon period (1392-1910) as substitute material for paper mulberry.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Fiber

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

갈대

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght	2mm (1-3mm)
Average fibre width	18µm (10-25µm)
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Blunt or pointed
Associated cells	Thin walled pitted fibres. Rectangular, oval, rod-like parenchyma cells. Epidermal cells.
Special features	Large vessel elements, unpointed prickles in epidermis. Very faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Botanical classification

Phragmites communis Trin.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Arundo phragmites L.

Plant growing area

Common reed is found throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

Burma, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

It is used for thatching, making baskets and mats. It is commonly used in the making of blinds in Japan.

Currently it is also used in making a rough paper.

Japan:

Plant is used as a yellow dye for fabrics in Japan; the colorant, the tricine is a flavone.

Korea:

Used in combination with the bark of paper mulberry during the Joseon period (1392-1910) as substitute material for paper mulberry.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Fiber

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

ョシ

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght	2mm (1-3mm)
Average fibre width	18µm (10-25µm)
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Blunt or pointed
Associated cells	Thin walled pitted fibres. Rectangular, oval, rod-like parenchyma cells. Epidermal cells.
Special features	Large vessel elements, unpointed prickles in epidermis. Very faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Botanical classification

Phragmites communis Trin.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Arundo phragmites L.

Plant growing area

Common reed is found throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

Burma, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

It is used for thatching, making baskets and mats. It is commonly used in the making of blinds in Japan.

Currently it is also used in making a rough paper.

Japan:

Plant is used as a yellow dye for fabrics in Japan; the colorant, the tricine is a flavone.

Korea:

Used in combination with the bark of paper mulberry during the Joseon period (1392-1910) as substitute material for paper mulberry.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Fiber

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

芦苇

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght	2mm (1-3mm)
Average fibre width	18µm (10-25µm)
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Blunt or pointed
Associated cells	Thin walled pitted fibres. Rectangular, oval, rod-like parenchyma cells. Epidermal cells.
Special features	Large vessel elements, unpointed prickles in epidermis. Very faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Botanical classification

Phragmites communis Trin.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Arundo phragmites L.

Plant growing area

Common reed is found throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

Burma, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

It is used for thatching, making baskets and mats. It is commonly used in the making of blinds in Japan.

Currently it is also used in making a rough paper.

Japan:

Plant is used as a yellow dye for fabrics in Japan; the colorant, the tricine is a flavone.

Korea:

Used in combination with the bark of paper mulberry during the Joseon period (1392-1910) as substitute material for paper mulberry.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Fiber

Primary tabs

Cyperus exaltatus Retz

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Pages

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Search

Primary tabs

Cyperus exaltatus Retz

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Phragmites communis Trin.

Pages