Search

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep © Flora of China

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep © C. Laroque

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep © K. Yamasaki

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep © CFH Nature Museum

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	2 - 3mm
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Fabaceae

Synonyms:

Dolichos hirsutus Thunb.

Dolichos lobatus Willd.

Pachyrhizus thunbergianus Siebold & Zucc.

Pueraria argyi H. Lév. & Vaniot

Pueraria bodinieri H. Lév. & Vaniot

Pueraria caerulea H. Lév. & Vaniot

Pueraria koten H. Lév. & Vaniot

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi

Pueraria lobata var. chinensis (Benth.) Ohwi

Pueraria montana var. chinensis (Benth.) Maesen & S.M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep

Pueraria thunbergiana Benth.

Plant growing area

Native to southeast China and southern Japan.

China (Everywhere except Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Xizang/Tibet), Japan, Korea. Found from South East Asia to Australia.

It grows in mountain forests or it is cultivated.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Pueraria montana lobata is a perennial climbing plant growing to 10m at a fast rate. It grows well in a wide range of environments and soil types, but particularly in temperate climates. The root system can go down to more than 1.5 meters deep. The plant is in bloom from September to October.

The plant is used for medicinal purposes and for its nutritional value. It is regarded in China as one of the 50 fundamental herbs. It is used in alcohol withdrawal and has antipyretic properties. Rich in starch and proteins, flowers, leaves and roots are consumed. Kudzu powder is used to make a kind of tea.

Kudzu fiber has traditionally been used for basketry and to make clothing and paper. A pale yellow to pink dye can be obtained from leaf decoction.

Japan:

In Japan it is used as textile fibers: the stem is used for making ropes and a type of cloth.

Korea:

In Korea it is used as fiber complement in making wallpaper paper and as dye.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Young straight stems of 2 to 3m in length are harvested in mid-summer and the leaves are removed. Then they are steamed in order to peel the bark. The bark is then cooked for 2 to 4 hours with lye. They are then grinded for 3 hours.

Paper names

The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Dye

Botanical classification

Isatis tinctoria L.

Order:

Brassicales

Family:

Brassicaceae

Synonyms:

Isatis indigotica Fortune

Isatis oblongata DC. var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Y. L. Chang

Isatis tinctoria var. indigotica (Fortune) T. Y. Cheo & K. C. Kuan

Isatis tinctoria var. yezoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi

Isatis yezoensis Ohwi

Plant growing area

Isatis tinctoria originated perhaps from India. The species is spontaneous in North Africa, Europe (mostly in Mediterranean area) and Western Asia until Xinjiang (China).

China (Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan.

It grows in fields, on roadsides at an altitude of 600-2800 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

The genus Isatis includes 107 species in Europe and the Mediterranean area, 72 species in Asia.

Isatis tinctoria is a biennial herbaceous plant, 1m to 1.50m tall, with branched stem. It grows better in rich or calcareous soils and sunny lands.

The flowers are small, yellow and grow in clusters. Flowering occurs from May to June. The black fruits are oval.

The plant allows several harvests per year if the soil and sun exposure are good.

Its use as a dye plant is very old and widespread in the world. There are traces of its use since prehistoric times in Europe; its cultivation probably dates back to very ancient times. Egypt was a very ancient center of pastel dyeing.

Indigo plants represent about one thousand species in the world. Isatis tinctoria is the indigo plant which was the most widely used.

The roots and leaves are also used for medicinal purposes for their healing properties. The seed oil is used in the industry. The plant was also used as forage or pasture. In the Middle East, mixed with henna, it is used to dye hair.

The leaves contain a colorless glycoside of indoxyline, isatan B. By acid or enzymatic hydrolysis (fermentation) this one releases indoxyl which oxidizes by contact with oxygen from the air into dihydro-indigo (greenish) and then into indigotine (blue).

The leaf also contains but in much smaller amount, an other glycoside capable of providing indoxyl, indican.
Blues are used as basis for greens and violets dyeing (purple imitation).

China:

It is a cultivated species, very popular throughout China in traditional medicine. The roots are dried and ground into granules that will be consumed as teas.

The plant is used as dye stuffs in particular for cotton fabrics and especially for dyeing silk.

Li Shizen in « Bencao gangmu » or « Materia Medica Compendium », published in 1590, presents various kinds of indigo plants Sunglan (Isatsis tinctoria), Liaolan (Polygonum tinctorium), Mulan (Indigofera tinctoria).

The dye is used as basis for greens in combinaison with Sophora japonica or for blacks in combinaison with walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim., Juglans Regia L.).

Japan:

Indigo plants used in Japan are Indigofera tinctoria, Strobilanthes flaccidifolia, Isatis tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium. The latter is the most frequently used in Japan.

The use by Ainu of Isatis tinctoria is very old, prior to the use of Knotweed (Polygonum tinctorium).

To obtain a light blue paper, it is possible to dye the pulp in the tank. To obtain an intense blue, the paper is colored by soaking in a dye bath.

Blue papers are used to cover books.

Korea:

It is a cultivated species. The dye is used as basis for greens.

Preparation process for making paper

The preparation of the dye from indigo plants involves three main techniques: the direct method of dyeing, the manufacture of shells and of starch indigo. However, there are many geographic variations related mainly to locally available ingredients.

China:

Sowing takes place in March or in October. Harvesting can be done several times in the year from June. The leaf is ripe when it begins to wilt, turn to yellow or purple.

Indigo starch method: After harvesting the leaves are left to dry and then left to ferment in a tank or a pit covered with a small layer of water. Bacterial fermentation in the tank is maintained at the fixed rate thanks to the addition of lime shell. It can take up to 20 hours depending on the ambient temperature.

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize.

Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye). The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is kept in mud. It is sold in this shape.

Japan:

The seeds are sown autumn. Harvesting starts when leaves are ripe in June. It is renewed every twenty days.

Shell method: The leaves are stored in a warehouse where they are moistened and brewed regularly during one hundred days. The temperature rises progressively according to the fermentation. The leaves are then crushed, drained and formed into shells or aidama which are dried.

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave ball (which requires filtering).

Indigo starch method: After harvesting, the leaves are left to dry for two days. Then, they are put to ferment in a tank covered with a small layer of water. The fermentation can take up to 20 hours depending on the ambient temperature.

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye).

The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is then formed into cakes.

Dyeing of paper is made in two ways: paper pulp dyeing (sukizome) or paper sheet dyeing by dipping (hitashizome). To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually three jars of dye are prepared with decreasing concentrations. The paper is dipped in the less concentrated dye jar and oxidation occurs in the air; the paper is then soaked in the little beat more concentrated dye. After oxidation, the sheet is dipped into the third jar with the strongest concentration. The process can be repeated several times to obtain a color more or less intense. The sheet is dried by exposing the surface to air; the color changes by oxidation.

Korea:

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop). Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Use for paper making:

Dye

Identification

Type de fibres	Leaf
Average fibre lenght	2 - 6mm
Average fibre width	24µm (16-32µm)
Fibre ends	Tapering pointed, rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Very faint and very fine.
Associated cells	Rectangular epidermal cells, typical stomata. Parenchyma, silica cells, and short, pitted vessel elements.
Special features	Smooth, lustrous fibers with irregular width. Transversal cut: polygonal oval shape, thin walls.
Herzberg staining	Blue/Gray
Graff 'C' staining	Blue/Gray

Botanical classification

Musa textilis Née

Order:

Zingiberales

Family:

Musaceae

Plant growing area

Native to Philippines and Indonesia (Borneo and Sumatra). Cultivated in Latin America.

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan). Thailand.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan, Thailand.

Thailand:

North of Thailand

Plant cultivation and use

Abaca is a type of banana tree which fruit is not edible. It is a pseudostem plant reaching approximately 6m in height and which can live 10 years. The leaves grow from the trunk. It is grown in well-drained loamy soils.
The qualities of the plant to produce long fibers used in making ropes are known to Europeans since the 19th century. They were traditionally used in the Philippines for making fishing nets and ropes resistant to salt water.
The use of the plant to make textile fibers and paper, bags and carpets, is recent.
The very long fibers are extracted from the stem.

China:

Musa textilis may have been used in southern China to make clothes.

Japan:

It is a modern paper fiber in Japan. Abaca is used in the manufacture of kairyo hanshi or improved hanshi papers, after World War II.

In Okinawa Prefecture fibers of a local banana (musa paradisiach) are used to make paper.

Korea:

It is a modern paper fiber in Korea.

Thailand:

This is essentially a modern fiber used to make fancy paper and handicrafts. It is also used to make writing or printing papers.

Preparation process for making paper

Harvesting takes place every 3-8 months. The plant should grow 18 to 25 months before harvesting.

Collecting the fibers is performed in three stages: steaming that allows the separation of primary and secondary sheath of the leaf, stripping to get the fibres and drying in the sun.

The stem of the banana is used to make fibers for textiles: the rod is separated into strips and scraped (between a board and a knife blade) to remove the spongy part and separate the fibers. These are dried in the sun so they separate. They must be then sorted by combing and put into bundles.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Litteraly Xuan Paper. It is the abbreviation for Xuanzhou Gongzhi or Tribute paper from Xuanzhou. This paper is produced in Jing County, Anhui Province. It is made with fibers from the bark of blue sandalwood and rice straw. It is the mixture of the two types of fibers that gives its qualities to the paper for painting and calligraphy, in particular the effect of sharp brushstrokes. Sheet of very large size (typically 3.6 / 2.4 m). Made of one to three layers.

In the case of paper made from Dalbergia hupeana, the paper has abusively the same name as blue sandal wood paper.

Origin:

China

Botanical name:

Oryza sativa L.

Ulmus cavaleriei H. Lev.

Dalbergia hupeana Hance

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

버드나무

Salix koreensis Andersson © Flora of China

Salix koreensis Andersson © Cornell University

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Salix koreensis Andersson

Order:

Malpighiales

Family:

Salicaceae

Synonyms:

Salix pierotii Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan, Korea, Far East of Russia.

Grows along rivers, damp mountain slopes, or is cultivated; near sea level to 700 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Korea:

Gyeongsangdo, Jeonrado, Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo.

Plant cultivation and use

Salix koreensis is a tree that can reach 20m in height.

Korea:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also reeds, the bark and needles of pine, the leaves of willow. Indeed, the willow leaves seem to be used as a complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Twigs

Leaf

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

朝鲜柳

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Salix koreensis Andersson

Order:

Malpighiales

Family:

Salicaceae

Synonyms:

Salix pierotii Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan, Korea, Far East of Russia.

Grows along rivers, damp mountain slopes, or is cultivated; near sea level to 700 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Korea.

Korea:

Gyeongsangdo, Jeonrado, Gangwondo, Chungcheongdo.

Plant cultivation and use

Salix koreensis is a tree that can reach 20m in height.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Twigs

Leaf

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis © C. Laroque

Botanical classification

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Order:

Gentianales

Family:

Rubiaceae

Synonyms:

Gardenia augusta Merr.

Gardenia florida L.

Varneria augusta L.

Plant growing area

Gardenia jasminoides originated in Asia and grows in warm or subtropical climates.

China (Sichuan, Hubei), Japan, India, Taiwan, Vietnam.

In tropical areas it is found in lower altitudes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

China:

Hubei, Sichuan.

Plant cultivation and use

Branched evergreen shrub with fragrant flowers, up to 1,50m-3m in height. It requires mildly acidic soil, good drainage and a sunny location. It blooms in spring or summer. The fruit is an orange berry which is used in traditional medicine as a febrifuge. It is also considered as insect repellent. The plant is as well grown as an ornamental and fragrant plant.

The fruits contain a dye, the crocin which is a carotenoid. They must be ripe to be used. The yellow dye was mainly used as a dye for fabrics; adding iron it is possible to modify the color. The color is very sensitive to acids, alkalis and to light.

China:

Gardenia jasminoides provides one of the oldest yellow dye used in China; the first evidences of its use date back to 2nd century BC and show that the dye was very popular in the Qin (221-207 BC.) and Han (202 BC.-220 AD.) dynasties.

It was used as a dye for imperial documents.

Japan:

Kuchinashi means "no mouth" because the seeds are not opening.

A yellow dye is quoted in the "Ebukuryo code" or "Garment code" dating from the 8th century AD. It may be Kuchinashi but also Kariyasu (Miscanthus tinctorius (Steud.) Hack.) or Kihada (Phellodendron amurense).

The dye is used in dyeing fabrics, paper and also in printing prints.

Korea:

This is the most widely used yellow dye. It has been used since at least the 7th-8th centuries.

It is used in combination with Indigofera tinctoria to get green color.
The papers dyed with gardenia are often used to make embossed papers (neunghwaji). Because of their repellent properties, these papers were used as book covers in bookbindings.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The fruits are picked when ripe and then pressed. The dye is ready to use.

Other method: the fruits are dried after harvesting. The dye is obtained by boiling in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol, the dry fruits.

Japan:

The fruits are picked when ripe and then pressed. The dye is ready to use.

Other method: the fruits are dried after harvesting. The dye is obtained by boiling in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol, le dry fruits.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in autumn. The fruits are dried in absence of light. They will be used the following year.

The fruits are placed in water and heated up to 50 ° C maximum in order to avoid the color to turn brown. The mordant used is aluminum which allows various shades.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

くちなし

クチナシ

Botanical classification

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Order:

Gentianales

Family:

Rubiaceae

Synonyms:

Gardenia augusta Merr.

Gardenia florida L.

Varneria augusta L.

Plant growing area

Gardenia jasminoides originated in Asia and grows in warm or subtropical climates.

China (Sichuan, Hubei), Japan, India, Taiwan, Vietnam.

In tropical areas it is found in lower altitudes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

China:

Hubei, Sichuan.

Plant cultivation and use

China:

It was used as a dye for imperial documents.

Japan:

Kuchinashi means "no mouth" because the seeds are not opening.

The dye is used in dyeing fabrics, paper and also in printing prints.

Korea:

This is the most widely used yellow dye. It has been used since at least the 7th-8th centuries.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The fruits are picked when ripe and then pressed. The dye is ready to use.

Other method: the fruits are dried after harvesting. The dye is obtained by boiling in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol, the dry fruits.

Japan:

The fruits are picked when ripe and then pressed. The dye is ready to use.

Other method: the fruits are dried after harvesting. The dye is obtained by boiling in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol, le dry fruits.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in autumn. The fruits are dried in absence of light. They will be used the following year.

The fruits are placed in water and heated up to 50 ° C maximum in order to avoid the color to turn brown. The mordant used is aluminum which allows various shades.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Identification

Fibre type	Grass / Straw
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells	Parenchyma cells.
Special features	Narrow fibres with thixk walls.
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Hordeum vulgare L.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Plant growing area

Barley is cultivated worldwide in all non-tropical countries and in mountainous areas of tropics.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Nei Mongol/Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

It is an annual plant growing to 1 m. It is the oldest cultivated cereal. It is a hardy plant which can tolerate strong winds but not maritime exposure. It succeeds further north than most other cereal crops in particular at higher altitudes (staple crop in Tibet: the flour is used to make tsampa).

The plant can adapt to different kind of soils but requires well-drained soil and needs light.

Seeds are edible so the plant is commonly cultivated as a food and fodder plant; the flour is used to make porridge or pancakes. Currently the main market is brewing.

The plant has medicinal uses: shoots are diuretic and seed sprouts are demulcent and expectorant.

The straws, after harvesting the seeds, have many uses: fibers for papermaking, biomass for fuel, mulch for the animals etc.

Japan:

It is an industrial paper fiber in Japan.

Korea:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Indeed, the various straws seem to be used as complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Straw

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

치자

Botanical classification

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Order:

Gentianales

Family:

Rubiaceae

Synonyms:

Gardenia augusta Merr.

Gardenia florida L.

Varneria augusta L.

Plant growing area

Gardenia jasminoides originated in Asia and grows in warm or subtropical climates.

China (Sichuan, Hubei), Japan, India, Taiwan, Vietnam.

In tropical areas it is found in lower altitudes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

China:

Hubei, Sichuan.

Plant cultivation and use

China:

It was used as a dye for imperial documents.

Japan:

Kuchinashi means "no mouth" because the seeds are not opening.

The dye is used in dyeing fabrics, paper and also in printing prints.

Korea:

This is the most widely used yellow dye. It has been used since at least the 7th-8th centuries.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The fruits are picked when ripe and then pressed. The dye is ready to use.

Other method: the fruits are dried after harvesting. The dye is obtained by boiling in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol, the dry fruits.

Japan:

The fruits are picked when ripe and then pressed. The dye is ready to use.

Other method: the fruits are dried after harvesting. The dye is obtained by boiling in water or in a mixture of water and alcohol, le dry fruits.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in autumn. The fruits are dried in absence of light. They will be used the following year.

The fruits are placed in water and heated up to 50 ° C maximum in order to avoid the color to turn brown. The mordant used is aluminum which allows various shades.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Primary tabs

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep

Isatis tinctoria L.

Musa textilis Née

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Hordeum vulgare L.

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Pages

Search form

Search

Primary tabs

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd) Maesen & S.M . Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep

Isatis tinctoria L.

Musa textilis Née

Salix koreensis Andersson

Salix koreensis Andersson

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Hordeum vulgare L.

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis

Pages