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Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. © Satheesan.vn

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

A mucilage is extracted from the roots which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

黄葵

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

リュウキュウトロロアオイ

Botanical classification

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Abelmoschus officinalis Endl.

Abelmoschus moschatus var. betulifolius (Mast.) Hochr.

Hibiscus abelmoschus L.

Hibiscus abelmoschus (L.) Karsten

Hibiscus chinensis Roxb.

Hibiscus cardiophyllus Baill.

Hibiscus collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

Hibiscus moschatus (Medik.) Salisb.

Plant growing area

China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Cambodia, India, Laos, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.

Grows on mountain slopes and valleys, stream sides and flat areas at an altitude from 600 to 1100m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

China:

Guangdong.

Plant cultivation and use

Perennial herb reaching 1-2 m heigth. Its growth is rapid. The plant prefers non acid and well drained soils and sunny areas. It is in flowers from June to October.

The seeds have medicinal properties, they are diuretic, emollient and antispasmodic.

An edible oil is extracted from the seeds and leaves.

The fibers obtained from the bark of the stems are used to make ropes.

China:

Unclear whether the plant has been used as formation aid or as sizing agent.

Japan:

Used as formation aid.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Roots are cleaned, cut in slices and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Japan:

Roots are cleaned, crushed and dipped during one night in cold water.

The mucilage is filtered through a cloth and poured into the pulp.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Sizing agent

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

日本小檗

Berberis thunbergii DC. © Plantillustrations

Berberis thunbergii DC. © Treeflower Garden

Botanical classification

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Order:

Ranunculales

Family:

Berberidaceae

Plant growing area

Native to Japan : Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu. Cultivated in China.

Grows in woods, old fields, roadsides.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Deciduous thorny shrub, usually grows circa 1-2 m tall which pale yellow flowers forming small clusters which will give red berries. Flowering is late, in April to May.The plant has an extensive root system with branched rhizomes.

Japanese barberry accepts various types of soils but prefers less acidic soils; it is full sun, part sun and shade tolerant.

A strong yellow dye can be extracted from the wood, root, bark, by cooking them in water. The extract contains alkaloids (berberine, berbamine, and oxyacanthine) and some soluble tannins. The main dye is berberine.

The stems, the leaves and the berries can also be used to give a yellow to coral colour. Dye is used in combination with or without mordent on wool and silk. Using an aluminum mordent the color turns to coral. The color has poor light fastness.

The plant also has antimicrobial and antifungal medicinal properties.

China:

Commonly cultivated for ornament in China. Also used for dyeing fabrics.

The Tiang Kong Kai Wu (Creations of nature and work of man ), encyclopedia dating 1634 or 1637, written by Song Yingxing, gives a recipe to prepare a greenish yellow dye.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Extract is obtained by boiling in water for 2 to 3 hours, wood, roots and bark chopped into pieces. Dyeing is performed without etching.

Tiang Kong Kai Wu recipe: stems without bark and roots, cut into small pieces, are boiled for several hours; fibers are soaked in the liquid and in a very diluted bath of indigo starch.

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitachizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop). Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Root

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Order:

Ranunculales

Family:

Berberidaceae

Plant growing area

Native to Japan : Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu. Cultivated in China.

Grows in woods, old fields, roadsides.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Japanese barberry accepts various types of soils but prefers less acidic soils; it is full sun, part sun and shade tolerant.

The plant also has antimicrobial and antifungal medicinal properties.

China:

Commonly cultivated for ornament in China. Also used for dyeing fabrics.

The Tiang Kong Kai Wu (Creations of nature and work of man ), encyclopedia dating 1634 or 1637, written by Song Yingxing, gives a recipe to prepare a greenish yellow dye.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Extract is obtained by boiling in water for 2 to 3 hours, wood, roots and bark chopped into pieces. Dyeing is performed without etching.

Tiang Kong Kai Wu recipe: stems without bark and roots, cut into small pieces, are boiled for several hours; fibers are soaked in the liquid and in a very diluted bath of indigo starch.

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitachizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Root

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Order:

Ranunculales

Family:

Berberidaceae

Plant growing area

Native to Japan : Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu. Cultivated in China.

Grows in woods, old fields, roadsides.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Japanese barberry accepts various types of soils but prefers less acidic soils; it is full sun, part sun and shade tolerant.

The plant also has antimicrobial and antifungal medicinal properties.

China:

Commonly cultivated for ornament in China. Also used for dyeing fabrics.

The Tiang Kong Kai Wu (Creations of nature and work of man ), encyclopedia dating 1634 or 1637, written by Song Yingxing, gives a recipe to prepare a greenish yellow dye.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Extract is obtained by boiling in water for 2 to 3 hours, wood, roots and bark chopped into pieces. Dyeing is performed without etching.

Tiang Kong Kai Wu recipe: stems without bark and roots, cut into small pieces, are boiled for several hours; fibers are soaked in the liquid and in a very diluted bath of indigo starch.

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitachizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Root

Stem

Use for paper making:

Dye

Primary tabs

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Berberis thunbergii DC.

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Primary tabs

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Berberis thunbergii DC.

Pages