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Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb. © Flora of China

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb. © CFH Nature Museum

Botanical classification

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

목:

Asparagales

과:

Amaryllidaceae

동의어:

Amaryllis radiata L’Hér.

식물의 성장 영역

Afghanistan, northern Burma, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), eastern Iran, Japan, southern Korea, northern Laos, Nepal, northern Pakistan, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam.

Grows from the sea level to 1000-2500 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Lycoris radiata is a bulbous perennial plant of 30 to70 centimeters high. The plants form dark clumps along the edges of paddy fields or stream banks. It flowers in late summer or automn before the leaves appear. The flowers are red and grow in umbels; they are hermaphrodite.

Lycoris radiata is subject to frost, it appreciates well-drained soil and half shade.

Lycoris are traditionally grown for a long time and many "species" are in fact ancient hybrids and horticultural varieties.

Ten alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata. The bulbs are poisonous and must be leached before they are used for food. They are used for their emetic and expectorant properties.

A mucilage is extracted from the roots and the stem which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

중국:

Because the plant blooms without leaves, flowers are red, and it often grows near graveyards, it is associated with death. It is described in the Lotus Sutra as grim flower that grows in Diyu (Hell) and guides the dead into the next reincarnation.

일본:

In Japan the Red Spider Lily is associated with the arrival of automn and the ceremony of ancestors in the buddhist tradition. It is planted on graves since the plant, as in China, has correlation with death. The Japanese name means “the other shore flower”, other shore being Nirvana. It is believed that the souls are guided by the flowers to paradise.

The plant is connected with Chinese legends and has so many gloomy nicknames, that it is also called "the flower with six hundred names."

한국:

The stem was used in Korea to produce a mucilage before the adoption in the early 19th century of Hibiscus manihot which replaced all other formation aids.

But because of its toxicity, it is rarely used.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

The plant is cultivated. Bulbs should be planted in the spring. They should be divided every 7 years, six weeks after the desiccation of the leaves.

식물의 이용 부위:

Stem

Root

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Japanese

지역 표기:

ヒガンバナ

Botanical classification

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

목:

Asparagales

과:

Amaryllidaceae

동의어:

Amaryllis radiata L’Hér.

식물의 성장 영역

Grows from the sea level to 1000-2500 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Lycoris radiata is subject to frost, it appreciates well-drained soil and half shade.

Lycoris are traditionally grown for a long time and many "species" are in fact ancient hybrids and horticultural varieties.

Ten alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata. The bulbs are poisonous and must be leached before they are used for food. They are used for their emetic and expectorant properties.

중국:

일본:

The plant is connected with Chinese legends and has so many gloomy nicknames, that it is also called "the flower with six hundred names."

한국:

The stem was used in Korea to produce a mucilage before the adoption in the early 19th century of Hibiscus manihot which replaced all other formation aids.

But because of its toxicity, it is rarely used.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

The plant is cultivated. Bulbs should be planted in the spring. They should be divided every 7 years, six weeks after the desiccation of the leaves.

식물의 이용 부위:

Stem

Root

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Chinese

지역 표기:

石蒜

Botanical classification

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

목:

Asparagales

과:

Amaryllidaceae

동의어:

Amaryllis radiata L’Hér.

식물의 성장 영역

Grows from the sea level to 1000-2500 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Lycoris radiata is subject to frost, it appreciates well-drained soil and half shade.

Lycoris are traditionally grown for a long time and many "species" are in fact ancient hybrids and horticultural varieties.

Ten alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata. The bulbs are poisonous and must be leached before they are used for food. They are used for their emetic and expectorant properties.

중국:

일본:

The plant is connected with Chinese legends and has so many gloomy nicknames, that it is also called "the flower with six hundred names."

한국:

The stem was used in Korea to produce a mucilage before the adoption in the early 19th century of Hibiscus manihot which replaced all other formation aids.

But because of its toxicity, it is rarely used.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

The plant is cultivated. Bulbs should be planted in the spring. They should be divided every 7 years, six weeks after the desiccation of the leaves.

식물의 이용 부위:

Stem

Root

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

English

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © Flora of China

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © C. Laroque

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © L.B. Vilmont

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	0,5 – 1 mm
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Looks like hemp but shorter.
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining	Red pink.

Botanical classification

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

목:

Celastrales

과:

Celastraceae

동의어:

Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldiana Hara

식물의 성장 영역

Euonymus are native to East-Asia and Himalayas. It grows in China (Northeast), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Russia (Sakhalin).

Grow on mountains and hills.

제지에서의 사용 범위

Japan.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Euonymus Sieboldianus is a wild or cultivated deciduous shrub, up to 2-4m high. Flowering occurs in May to June. Flowers are pale green to pink. It produces pink red fruits. The plant has medicinal properties. All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested.

일본:

The plant was used during the Nara period (710-794) for sutras.

This paper has been widely used as carrier of painting before kozo papers were preferred.

종이 명칭

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

일본:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold © Flora of China

Botanical classification

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold

목:

Cornales

과:

Hydrangeaceae

동의어:

Hydrangea verticillata W. H. Gao

식물의 성장 영역

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (Wild), Russia (Sakhalin).

Grows in sparse forests or in thickets in valleys or on mountain slopes or tops; altitude 300-2100 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea, Japan.

일본:

Shikoku.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Hydrangea paniculata is a deciduous shrub reaching 1 to 5m high at fast growth. It flowers in July and August. Flowers are white to pale pink.

It has blood tonic properties.

A mucilage is extracted from the bark which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers. It is a polysaccharide of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid. Its viscosity is less affected by temperature or mechanical agitation than that from Hibiscus manihot.

일본:

Hydrangea paniculata grows in abundance on the hills in Shikoku.

It is used in summer because its viscosity decreases less with heat than that from Hibiscus manihot.

한국:

The bark was used in Korea to produce mucilage before adoption in the early 19th century of Hibiscus manihot which replaced all other dispersants.

It is used in summer because its viscosity decreases less with heat than that from Hibiscus manihot.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

일본:

When the plants have fully developed, they are cut at 30cm from the ground. The cut branches, one meter in length, are hammered with a mallet to separate the bark from the wood.Barks are macerated in water overnight. The mucilage obtained is filtered before being used.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Chinese

지역 표기:

木槿

Botanical classification

Hibiscus syriacus L.

목:

Malvales

과:

Malvaceae

동의어:

Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb.

Hibiscus floridus Salisb.

Hibiscus rhombifolius Cav.

Ketmia arborea Moench

Ketmia syriaca (L.) Scop.

Ketmia syrorum Medik.

식물의 성장 영역

Cultivated in most tropical and temperate regions of Asia.

Native to China (Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan,Yunnan, and Zhejiang; cultivated in Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Xizang), Taiwan.

Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; below 1200 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Hibiscus syriacus is a bushy plant measuring 1.50m to 4m high. The flowers, hermaphrodite, are purple, pink or white; they can be isolated or grouped in inflorescences. Flowering occurs from July to October. The plant adapts to various soil types if they are well drained. It likes full sun.

Its was taken in cultivation very early along trade routes to the Middle East and to Europe. Hibiscus syriacus is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.

The flowers are edible. The plant was used in traditional medicine, the flowers for their emollient properties, leaves for their diuretic properties and root for their antipyretic and anthelmintic properties.

The fibers of the stem are used in the manufacture of ropes.

A mucilage is extracted from the roots which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

중국:

The use of hibiscus syriacus is quoted in the stories of "Guixinzashi" or "Miscellaneous news from Guixin street" by Zhou Mi (mid 13th century).

한국:

Hibiscus syriacus is the national emblem of South Korea. Mugung means eternity.

Silla kingdom (57av JC -. 935) called itself the land of hibiscus. A Chinese document from the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) mentions that Korea is the land of hibiscus. It is the poet Lee Gyu-bo (1168-1241) during the Goryeo dynasty who first used the name "mugungwha."

The plant adorns the gardens in Korea from immemorial time ; its leaves were brewed into an herbal tea and flowers were eaten.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Fang Yishi (1611-1671) in « Wuli xiaoshi » or « Some Knowledge of Physics » , published in 1643, describes how the rose of Sharon roots are reduced to a slurry which was poured into the tank with the mulberry fibers before making paper sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

French

Botanical classification

Hibiscus syriacus L.

목:

Malvales

과:

Malvaceae

동의어:

Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb.

Hibiscus floridus Salisb.

Hibiscus rhombifolius Cav.

Ketmia arborea Moench

Ketmia syriaca (L.) Scop.

Ketmia syrorum Medik.

식물의 성장 영역

Cultivated in most tropical and temperate regions of Asia.

Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; below 1200 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Its was taken in cultivation very early along trade routes to the Middle East and to Europe. Hibiscus syriacus is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.

The fibers of the stem are used in the manufacture of ropes.

중국:

The use of hibiscus syriacus is quoted in the stories of "Guixinzashi" or "Miscellaneous news from Guixin street" by Zhou Mi (mid 13th century).

한국:

Hibiscus syriacus is the national emblem of South Korea. Mugung means eternity.

The plant adorns the gardens in Korea from immemorial time ; its leaves were brewed into an herbal tea and flowers were eaten.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Japanese

지역 표기:

ムクゲ

Botanical classification

Hibiscus syriacus L.

목:

Malvales

과:

Malvaceae

동의어:

Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb.

Hibiscus floridus Salisb.

Hibiscus rhombifolius Cav.

Ketmia arborea Moench

Ketmia syriaca (L.) Scop.

Ketmia syrorum Medik.

식물의 성장 영역

Cultivated in most tropical and temperate regions of Asia.

Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; below 1200 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Its was taken in cultivation very early along trade routes to the Middle East and to Europe. Hibiscus syriacus is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.

The fibers of the stem are used in the manufacture of ropes.

중국:

The use of hibiscus syriacus is quoted in the stories of "Guixinzashi" or "Miscellaneous news from Guixin street" by Zhou Mi (mid 13th century).

한국:

Hibiscus syriacus is the national emblem of South Korea. Mugung means eternity.

The plant adorns the gardens in Korea from immemorial time ; its leaves were brewed into an herbal tea and flowers were eaten.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Japanese

지역 표기:

モクキンカ

Botanical classification

Hibiscus syriacus L.

목:

Malvales

과:

Malvaceae

동의어:

Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb.

Hibiscus floridus Salisb.

Hibiscus rhombifolius Cav.

Ketmia arborea Moench

Ketmia syriaca (L.) Scop.

Ketmia syrorum Medik.

식물의 성장 영역

Cultivated in most tropical and temperate regions of Asia.

Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; below 1200 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Its was taken in cultivation very early along trade routes to the Middle East and to Europe. Hibiscus syriacus is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.

The fibers of the stem are used in the manufacture of ropes.

중국:

The use of hibiscus syriacus is quoted in the stories of "Guixinzashi" or "Miscellaneous news from Guixin street" by Zhou Mi (mid 13th century).

한국:

Hibiscus syriacus is the national emblem of South Korea. Mugung means eternity.

The plant adorns the gardens in Korea from immemorial time ; its leaves were brewed into an herbal tea and flowers were eaten.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

English

Botanical classification

Hibiscus syriacus L.

목:

Malvales

과:

Malvaceae

동의어:

Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb.

Hibiscus floridus Salisb.

Hibiscus rhombifolius Cav.

Ketmia arborea Moench

Ketmia syriaca (L.) Scop.

Ketmia syrorum Medik.

식물의 성장 영역

Cultivated in most tropical and temperate regions of Asia.

Sea cliffs, hillsides, along streams, roadsides, also extensively cultivated; below 1200 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Its was taken in cultivation very early along trade routes to the Middle East and to Europe. Hibiscus syriacus is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens.

The fibers of the stem are used in the manufacture of ropes.

중국:

The use of hibiscus syriacus is quoted in the stories of "Guixinzashi" or "Miscellaneous news from Guixin street" by Zhou Mi (mid 13th century).

한국:

Hibiscus syriacus is the national emblem of South Korea. Mugung means eternity.

The plant adorns the gardens in Korea from immemorial time ; its leaves were brewed into an herbal tea and flowers were eaten.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

찾기

Primary tabs

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Lycoris radiata (L’Hér.) Herb.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Hydrangea paniculata Siebold

Hibiscus syriacus L.

Hibiscus syriacus L.

Hibiscus syriacus L.

Hibiscus syriacus L.

Hibiscus syriacus L.

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