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Typha orientalis C. Presl © IFAS University of Florida

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	Grass (Stem)
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm
Average fibre width	22 µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Prominent wall.
Associated cells
Special features	Very large vessel elements, unwound spiral vessels.
Herzberg staining	Dark purple
Graff 'C' staining	Dark purple

Botanical classification

Typha orientalis C. Presl

목:

Poales

과:

Typhaceae

동의어:

Typha latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov

Typha shuttleworthii Lehm.

Typha shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebn.

Typha shuttleworthii var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

식물의 성장 영역

The genus is found mainly in the Northern hemisphere and can be found in a large variety of wetland habitats.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

중국:

Hunan.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Typha orientalis is a perennial monocotyledonous plant of wetlands where it grows in dense colonies. The roots are rhizomes and stem is topped by a dense inflorescence in shape of distaff. It is found in temperate, tropical, subtropical climates. It reaches 1.50m to 3m height. It prefers the rich soils of the pond margins, full sun or part shade.

The leaves, flowers and roots have medicinal properties. The roots and young shoots are edible.
The stems and leaves are used for thatching and can be woven into mats, hats, etc.
The root fibers are used to make string while the stem fibers are used in the manufacture of a greenish or brown paper.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

한국:

The plants are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for a day. They are then cooked for 2 hours with sodium hydroxide. The fibers are then beaten in a grinder for 1 hour to 2 hours.

종이 명칭

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

한국:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Leaf

Stem

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Langue:

English

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. © Flora of China

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. © C. Laroque

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Opuntia dilenii is a cactus forming bushes 1 to 3 meters tall. The stem is branched, forming thin flat pale green pads, the cladodes, measuring less than 20-25 cm. They wear some yellowish spines. Flowering occurs in summer; the flowers are bright yellow and the purple fruits are pear-shaped or spherical. They are bitter but edible.

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The stem is said to have medicinal properties in the treatment of stomach aches and diarrhea, the fruit juice in the treatment of warts. A poultice made from the pads can be applied on wounds. A tea, prepared with pads is used in the treatment of lung ailments.

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

A mucilage is extracted from the cladodes which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

중국:

The species was introduced to Taiwan by the Dutch in 1645, but in 1625 Wenzheng Liu reports in the "Gazette of Yunnan" that the species is already present in Yunnan. Since then the plant has invaded large areas of coastal southern China. It grows wild in five provinces of southwestern China (including southern Tibet), in hot and dry valleys.The leaf is used as a formation aid in Yunnan during the manufacture of paper by Yi, Yao and Han in various areas. The extract is obtained by crushing the leaves.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Japanese

지역 표기:

センニンサボテン　

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

중국:

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Korean

지역 표기:

선인장

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

중국:

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

French

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

중국:

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

English

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

중국:

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

English

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

중국:

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Langue:

Chinese

지역 표기:

仙人掌

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

cactaceae

동의어:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

식물의 성장 영역

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

중국:

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

식물의 이용 부위:

Root

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Formation aid

Tilia amurensis Rupr. © CFH Nature Museum

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	.....
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Tilia amurensis Rupr.

목:

Malvales

과:

Tiliaceae

동의어:

Tilia amurensis var. tricuspidata Liou & Li

Tilia komarovii I.V. Vassil.

식물의 성장 영역

China (Heilongjiang-Manchuria, Jilin, Liaoning), North Korea, Russia (Siberia, Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido).

Grows in forests, mixed with spruces at an altitude 1300-1400 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Tilia amurensis is a deciduous tree, with exfoliating bark, growing to 30 m high. The tree adapts to various types of soils but prefers moist, well drained soils and a continental climate. It can grow in semi-shade. Like other linden trees, it can live for several centuries.
The flowers contain essential oils, tannins, gums and vitamin C that make them a popular herbal medicine, as herb tea. Wood as an infusion, as well, has diuretic, antispasmodic, sedative and choleretic properties. The young leaves are edible.
Its soft wood is used in making all kinds of items.
Its inner bark is used to make ropes of high quality. In Korea, it is used for making sandals.

In Japan, Ainus used it to weave their traditional clothing called attus.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

The bark is peeled from the wood and then soaked for one month. The inner bark can then be separated from the outer bark.

종이 명칭

The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Literally “paper mulberry money paper”. Other fibers (such as silk) were added to make imitation more difficult. It was manufactured in the imperial manufactures in Chengdu (Sichuan) and Huizhou (Guangdong), then next to Hangzhou (Zhejiang) from the Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279). The paper was printed with intricate patterns and stamped with blue, red and black seals.

기원:

China

동의어:

Chu chao

식물명:

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.

찾기

Primary tabs

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Tilia amurensis Rupr.

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