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Botanical classification

Hibiscus manihot L. var. manihot

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. var. manihot

Hibiscus japonicus Miq.

Plant growing area

China: (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan), India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, North Thailand.

Grows in grasslands, on streamsides, margins of cultivated fields, from 1000 to 2100 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

In the late 19th century, it seems that the use of the mucilage from the Hibiscus manihot replaced the use of other plants to become the dominant mucilage throughout East Asia.

China:

Japan:

During the warm season the mucilage should be used immediately because it quickly loses its properties by fermenting.

Korea:

The plant was probably imported from China. In the past all plant parts were used to give the mucilage (stem, leaves, roots).

She is quoted in an encyclopedia dated 1850 “Ojuyeonmunjangjeonsango” by Igyujyeong.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The plant is sown in spring and harvest usually takes place in late fall before the frost. The flowers are removed regularly to allow better root growth.

Japan:

Seeds are sown at the same time as mungo beans.

Korea:

The plant is sown in spring and harvest usually takes place in late fall before the frost. The flowers are removed regularly to allow better root growth.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

Throughout South and Southeast Asia, the chewing of nut is an ancient tradition for millions of people. The nut is used in combination with the betel leaf (Piper betel, Piperaceae family) and lime, to chew because it is credited with stimulating properties. Thus, the nut is used in many medicinal preparations because of the alkaloids it contains.

Its use has been mentioned in ancient texts for almost 2,000 years. The flower of the areca palm is also cooked.The dye extracted from the nut is used to dye silk and cotton. The coloring principle is the cachou, tannin extracted from the nut; it is a combination of catechol and / or epicatechol (procyanidins).

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

In Thailand papermakers use the shells of the nuts they have burnt to extract a mate black color which is brushed on documents written in yellow; these papers are used during certain temple ceremonies.

Preparation process for making paper

The cachou is prepared by boiling the nut crushed into powder and after filtering, the liquid is concentrated by evaporation until obtaining a thick material which is poured into moulds. These blocks are stored and sold in that form.

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop).Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

빈랑나무

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family: