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Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

猕猴桃

Botanical classification

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Order:

Ericales

Family:

Actinidiaceae

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan.

Grows in mountain forests, in thickets on low mountains (200-2600 m).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China.

China:

Guizhou.

Plant cultivation and use

Actinidia chinensis is a deciduous climber growing to 7.5 m. It is the producer of kiwifruit widely cultivated in China and elsewhere.

It has medicinal uses: the fruits, stems and roots are diuretic, febrifuge and sedative.

The plant is said to have insecticidal properties.

A mucilage is extracted from the stem and the leaves which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

China:

It is part of Materia Medica sinensis. A decoction made from the stems is mentioned as formation aid at least since the Song. The use of Actinidia chinensis is mentioned in the tales of "Guixinzashi" or "Miscellaneous news from Guixin street " by Zhou Mi (mid 13^th century)

There are numerous citations during the Ming dynasty as in "Wulixiaoshi"» or "Some Knowledge of Physics" by Fang Yishi (1643).

It is a widely used as formation aid beside Hibiscus manihot.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Seeds are sown in spring in a greenhouse and they germinate in 2 - 3 months.

The stems are crushed and soaked. The decoction is filtered before use.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Order:

Ericales

Family:

Actinidiaceae

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan.

Grows in mountain forests, in thickets on low mountains (200-2600 m).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China.

China:

Guizhou.

Plant cultivation and use

Actinidia chinensis is a deciduous climber growing to 7.5 m. It is the producer of kiwifruit widely cultivated in China and elsewhere.

It has medicinal uses: the fruits, stems and roots are diuretic, febrifuge and sedative.

The plant is said to have insecticidal properties.

China:

There are numerous citations during the Ming dynasty as in "Wulixiaoshi"» or "Some Knowledge of Physics" by Fang Yishi (1643).

It is a widely used as formation aid beside Hibiscus manihot.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Seeds are sown in spring in a greenhouse and they germinate in 2 - 3 months.

The stems are crushed and soaked. The decoction is filtered before use.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

杨桃

Botanical classification

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Order:

Ericales

Family:

Actinidiaceae

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan.

Grows in mountain forests, in thickets on low mountains (200-2600 m).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China.

China:

Guizhou.

Plant cultivation and use

Actinidia chinensis is a deciduous climber growing to 7.5 m. It is the producer of kiwifruit widely cultivated in China and elsewhere.

It has medicinal uses: the fruits, stems and roots are diuretic, febrifuge and sedative.

The plant is said to have insecticidal properties.

China:

There are numerous citations during the Ming dynasty as in "Wulixiaoshi"» or "Some Knowledge of Physics" by Fang Yishi (1643).

It is a widely used as formation aid beside Hibiscus manihot.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Seeds are sown in spring in a greenhouse and they germinate in 2 - 3 months.

The stems are crushed and soaked. The decoction is filtered before use.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. © Flora of China

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. © C. Laroque

Botanical classification

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Order:

Caryophyllales

Family:

cactaceae

Synonyms:

Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker Gaw.) L.D. Benson

Plant growing area

Native to the Caribbean region; widely introduced and naturalized in tropical regions.

China (Fujian, South Guangdong, South Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), Thailand, Taiwan.

Grows in thickets, in between rocks, on sandy soils, near sea level.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China.

Plant cultivation and use

Opuntia dilenii is a cactus forming bushes 1 to 3 meters tall. The stem is branched, forming thin flat pale green pads, the cladodes, measuring less than 20-25 cm. They wear some yellowish spines. Flowering occurs in summer; the flowers are bright yellow and the purple fruits are pear-shaped or spherical. They are bitter but edible.

The plant can be found in various environments and soils. However it prefers alkaline, well-drained soils and sunny locations.

Most of the Opuntia species contain many alkaloids (3-methoxytyramine, candicine, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, tyramine ...).

The stem is said to have medicinal properties in the treatment of stomach aches and diarrhea, the fruit juice in the treatment of warts. A poultice made from the pads can be applied on wounds. A tea, prepared with pads is used in the treatment of lung ailments.

The bushes are planted around homes and gardens to create natural hedges.

The juice derived from the stem, very sticky, is added to plaster or whitewash to make it adhere better to walls.

A mucilage is extracted from the cladodes which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

China:

The species was introduced to Taiwan by the Dutch in 1645, but in 1625 Wenzheng Liu reports in the "Gazette of Yunnan" that the species is already present in Yunnan. Since then the plant has invaded large areas of coastal southern China. It grows wild in five provinces of southwestern China (including southern Tibet), in hot and dry valleys.The leaf is used as a formation aid in Yunnan during the manufacture of paper by Yi, Yao and Han in various areas. The extract is obtained by crushing the leaves.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Cladodes, cut in pieces and crushed, are placed in a cloth which is immersed in the pulp in the tank before to start the manufacturing of the sheets.

Used part of the plant:

Root

Leaf

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © Flora of China

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © C. Laroque

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © L.B. Vilmont

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	0,5 – 1 mm
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Looks like hemp but shorter.
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining	Red pink.

Botanical classification

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Order:

Celastrales

Family:

Celastraceae

Synonyms:

Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldiana Hara

Plant growing area

Euonymus are native to East-Asia and Himalayas. It grows in China (Northeast), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Russia (Sakhalin).

Grow on mountains and hills.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Euonymus Sieboldianus is a wild or cultivated deciduous shrub, up to 2-4m high. Flowering occurs in May to June. Flowers are pale green to pink. It produces pink red fruits. The plant has medicinal properties. All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested.

Japan:

The plant was used during the Nara period (710-794) for sutras.

This paper has been widely used as carrier of painting before kozo papers were preferred.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

コガマ　

Typha orientalis C. Presl © IFAS University of Florida

Identification

Fibre type	Grass (Stem)
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm
Average fibre width	22 µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Prominent wall.
Associated cells
Special features	Very large vessel elements, unwound spiral vessels.
Herzberg staining	Dark purple
Graff 'C' staining	Dark purple

Botanical classification

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Order:

Poales

Family:

Typhaceae

Synonyms:

Typha latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov

Typha shuttleworthii Lehm.

Typha shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebn.

Typha shuttleworthii var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Plant growing area

The genus is found mainly in the Northern hemisphere and can be found in a large variety of wetland habitats.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

China:

Hunan.

Plant cultivation and use

Typha orientalis is a perennial monocotyledonous plant of wetlands where it grows in dense colonies. The roots are rhizomes and stem is topped by a dense inflorescence in shape of distaff. It is found in temperate, tropical, subtropical climates. It reaches 1.50m to 3m height. It prefers the rich soils of the pond margins, full sun or part shade.

The leaves, flowers and roots have medicinal properties. The roots and young shoots are edible.
The stems and leaves are used for thatching and can be woven into mats, hats, etc.
The root fibers are used to make string while the stem fibers are used in the manufacture of a greenish or brown paper.

Preparation process for making paper

Korea:

The plants are harvested in summer, autumn or winter and are soaked in water for a day. They are then cooked for 2 hours with sodium hydroxide. The fibers are then beaten in a grinder for 1 hour to 2 hours.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Grass (Stem)
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm
Average fibre width	22 µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Prominent wall.
Associated cells
Special features	Very large vessel elements, unwound spiral vessels.
Herzberg staining	Dark purple
Graff 'C' staining	Dark purple

Botanical classification

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Order:

Poales

Family:

Typhaceae

Synonyms:

Typha latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov

Typha shuttleworthii Lehm.

Typha shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebn.

Typha shuttleworthii var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Plant growing area

The genus is found mainly in the Northern hemisphere and can be found in a large variety of wetland habitats.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

China:

Hunan.

Plant cultivation and use

Preparation process for making paper

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Literally paper from Jinsu montain. It was manufactured in Suzhou (Jiangsu) specifically for the copy of the Tripitaka from the Guanghui Temple (Zhejiang) at the end of the 11th century. It's a tough and shiny paper, waxed on both sides. This paper has been widely imitated. The original paper is a blend of hemp and mulberry paper fibers.

Origin:

China

Synonym:

Jinsu zhi

Botanical name:

Cannabis sativa L.

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.

Language:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Grass (Stem)
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm
Average fibre width	22 µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Prominent wall.
Associated cells
Special features	Very large vessel elements, unwound spiral vessels.
Herzberg staining	Dark purple
Graff 'C' staining	Dark purple

Botanical classification

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Order:

Poales

Family:

Typhaceae

Synonyms:

Typha latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov

Typha shuttleworthii Lehm.

Typha shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebn.

Typha shuttleworthii var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Plant growing area

The genus is found mainly in the Northern hemisphere and can be found in a large variety of wetland habitats.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

China:

Hunan.

Plant cultivation and use

Preparation process for making paper

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Identification

Fibre type	Grass (Stem)
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm
Average fibre width	22 µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Prominent wall.
Associated cells
Special features	Very large vessel elements, unwound spiral vessels.
Herzberg staining	Dark purple
Graff 'C' staining	Dark purple

Botanical classification

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Order:

Poales

Family:

Typhaceae

Synonyms:

Typha latifolia var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Typha orientalis var. brunnea Skvortsov

Typha shuttleworthii Lehm.

Typha shuttleworthii subsp. orientalis (C. Presl) Graebn.

Typha shuttleworthii var. orientalis (C. Presl) Rohrb.

Plant growing area

The genus is found mainly in the Northern hemisphere and can be found in a large variety of wetland habitats.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

China:

Hunan.

Plant cultivation and use

Preparation process for making paper

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Primary tabs

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Typha orientalis C. Presl

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Search

Primary tabs

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.

Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Typha orientalis C. Presl

Pages