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Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl © Flora of China

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl © G. Métailié

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl © K. Yamasaki

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

It is the main source of camphor, which is derived from chipped wood of the stems and roots, the branchlets and the leaves.The essential oil extracted from the leaves or by steam distillation of the wood, is used medically as an antiseptic, antispasmodic and immunostimulant.

The wood is used for making furniture.

In addition to camphor, the main constituent, it contains waxes, mucilages, sitosterol and red tannins which are used as dyes. Colour varies from red to brown. When the dye is applied in combination with iron as mordant, the color becomes olive green.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

녹나무

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Order:

Laurales

Family:

Lauraceae

Synonyms:

Camphora officinarum Nees

Camphora officinarum var. glaucescens A. Braun

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.,

Cinnamomum camphora var. glaucescens (Braun, A.) Meisn.

Cinnamomum camphora var. nominale Hayata

Cinnamomum nominale (Hayata) Hayata

Cinnamomum simondii Lecomte

Cinnamomum taquetii H. Lév.

Laurus camphora L.

Persea camphora (L.) Spreng.

Plant growing area

Introduced or cultivated in many countries around the world.

China (South of Chang Jiang river), Japan (Honshu (West Kanto, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam.

Cultivated in valleys and on mountain slopes.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Cinnamomum camphora is an evergreen large tree, up to 25 m tall. Flowering in May to June.

The wood is used for making furniture.

China:

The roots would have insecticidal properties. They were placed in book storage places.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Wood

Branch

Use for paper making:

Dye

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight © Flora of China

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight © C. Laroque

Botanical classification

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Sterculiaceae

Synonyms:

Firmiana platanifolia R. Br.

Hibiscus simplex L.

Sterculia platanifolia L. f.

Sterculia urens Roxb.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan,Taiwan.

Widely cultivated in China.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Japan:

Shikoku (Kochi and Ehime prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Fimiana simplex is a deciduous tree up to 16m high.

The wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments in China. Its leaves are used as a substitute to tobacco.

A mucilage is extracted from the bark which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

檳榔

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Arecaceae

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

Throughout South and Southeast Asia, the chewing of nut is an ancient tradition for millions of people. The nut is used in combination with the betel leaf (Piper betel, Piperaceae family) and lime, to chew because it is credited with stimulating properties. Thus, the nut is used in many medicinal preparations because of the alkaloids it contains.

Its use has been mentioned in ancient texts for almost 2,000 years. The flower of the areca palm is also cooked.The dye extracted from the nut is used to dye silk and cotton. The coloring principle is the cachou, tannin extracted from the nut; it is a combination of catechol and / or epicatechol (procyanidins).

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

In Thailand papermakers use the shells of the nuts they have burnt to extract a mate black color which is brushed on documents written in yellow; these papers are used during certain temple ceremonies.

Preparation process for making paper

The cachou is prepared by boiling the nut crushed into powder and after filtering, the liquid is concentrated by evaporation until obtaining a thick material which is poured into moulds. These blocks are stored and sold in that form.

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop).Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Arecaceae

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Gleditsia sinensis Lam. © Flora of China

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

It is also possible to make a paste for printing patterns on the surface of paper. The recipe is to reduce the pod into powder to make a kind of glue which is mixed with croton oil (Codiaeum variegatum) and colors.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

ビンロウジュ

Synonym:

檳榔樹

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Arecaceae

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

ビンロウ

Botanical classification

Areca catechu L.

Order:

Arecales

Family:

Arecaceae

Synonyms:

Areca catechu Willd.

Areca faufel Gaertn.

Areca himalayana Griff. ex H. Wendl.

Areca hortensis Lour.

Areca nigra Giseke ex H. Wendl.

Sublimia areca Comm. ex Mart.

Plant growing area

Originated probably from Indonesia or India. Cultivated in the warm regions of Asia (Southeast Asia, Indonesia), China (Guangxi, Guangzhou-Canton area, Hainan, Yunnan), Taiwan.

Grows in rainforests, in undergrowth.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Areca catechu is a palm-tree which reaches 10 - 20m height. Fruits are abundant, orange and have an oval shape. The betelnut palm is now cultivated across the Asian tropics as a cash crop.

China:

Used as dye.

Japan:

Used for dyeing in black silk textiles. It is called Binroji zome.

Korea:

Also used as medicine. Not native but imported.

Thailand:

Preparation process for making paper

Cachou is melted in hot water to use it as dye. The color varies with the pH. The use of an iron mordant gives a black color.

Japan:

Korea:

Paper names

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

さいかち

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Primary tabs

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Areca catechu L.

Areca catechu L.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Areca catechu L.

Areca catechu L.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

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Primary tabs

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Areca catechu L.

Areca catechu L.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Areca catechu L.

Areca catechu L.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

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