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Polygonum tinctorium Aiton © Plantillustrations

Botanical classification

Polygonum tinctorium Aiton

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

동의어:

Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton)Steud.

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H. Gross

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach

Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf.

식물의 성장 영역

Native to Vietnam and South of China, cultivated elsewhere.

China (Widespread), Japan, Vietnam.

Grows in moist valleys, stream banks at altitude 200-1000 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Polygonum tinctorium is an annual or biennial herb from 30 to 50cm high. The pale pink flowers are small and blooming occurs from June to October. The fruits are small, black and hard. The plant prefers fertile soils and sun exposure. Hot and humid climates suit it the best. Harvesting can take place twice a year before flowering.

The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties (anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties) and as source of dye.

Indigo plants represent about a thousand species in the world. The indigo produced by Polygonum tinctorium is one of the oldest blue dyes. The species mainly exploited for its indigo in Asia currently, is the true indigo or Indigofera tinctoria.

The leaves contain a colorless glycoside of indoxyline, indican. This one by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis releases indoxyl and sugars. Indoxyl in contact with oxygen from the air, is oxidized into dihydro-indigo (greenish) and then into indigotine (blue).

Indican is found only in the leaves. The leaves of Polygonum tinctorium can provide about 5% of indigo.

The fresh leaves can be used directly for dyeing fabrics by crushing them in water and putting the fabric to dye to their direct contact. This method is used in the areas of plant cultivation. The other method is to produce an intermediate substance to be used after fermentation.

Blues are used as basis for greens and purples.

중국:

The use of Polygonum tinctorium is very old in southern China and Vietnam. Its use as dye or for medicinal purpose is attested in the Western Zhou (1050-771 BC.). The technique is perfectly mastered under the Han (206 BC-220 AD) as it is evidenced by the discovery of archaeological textiles, especially silk clothing from this period.

Miao in southern Sichuan, northern Yunnan and Guizhou used it in paste form. It was the most important source of indigo throughout the Far East until the arrival of Indigofera tinctoria.

The cultivation of the plant, the indigo starch extracting and tank dyeing are described in “Qimin Yaoshu” or “Main techniques for the welfare of the people” by Jia Sixie (text on agriculture in 10 volumes dating from 6th century) as well as in the “Tiangong kaiwu” or “Creations of nature and work of man” by Song Yingxing (encyclopedia dating from 1634 or 1637).

Li Shizen in « Bencao gangmu » or « Materia Medica Compendium », published in 1590, presents various kinds of indigo plants : Sunglan (Isatsis tinctoria), Liaolan (Polygonum tinctorium), Mulan (Indigofera tinctoria).

일본:

Indigo plants used in Japan are Indigofera tinctoria, Strobilanthes flaccidifolia, Isatis tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium, the latter being the most frequently used in Japan.

Indigo Polygonum tinctorium is used in dyeing fabrics, papers and also in prints. It is often used to make green, mixed with Miscanthus tinctorius.

The plant has been cultivated throughout Japan but especially in Shikoku (Tokushima prefecture) where yield was very good thanks to the particularly favorable soil and climate conditions. Awa region was a major center for the indigo production that has enriched the region for a long time. Ai cultivation currently remains.

Imported from China probably in the 4th century, Polygonum tinctorium becomes the main source of indigo. From the 8th century its use by dyers is mentioned in the administration code (Shokuin-rei).

In the 18th century it is still the main source of dye stuffs. During the Edo period (1603-1868) Japan starts to import cotton and then its cultivation, to meet the restrictions on the use of silk. Indigo was the most suitable for dyeing cotton. All social classes used to wear blue clothes. Its use in printing prints begins at the same time probably.

Both methods of fermentation and direct dye are used. The first one started during the Nara period (710-794). Later during the Muromachi period (1333-1573) a complicated double fermentation method will be developed.

To obtain a light blue paper, it is possible to dye the pulp in the tank. To obtain an intense blue, the paper is colored by soaking in a dye bath.

Blue papers are used to cover books. They are also used for Buddhist sutras copies with gold ink.

한국:

Two encyclopedias from the 18th century report the extraction process of indigo.

This is a dye that has always been very popular in Korea; the blue is called "jjok bit" or "Korean blue". The methods traditionally used are those by fermentation.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

The preparation of the dye from indigo plants involves three main techniques: the direct method of dyeing, the manufacture of shells and of starch indigo. However, there are many geographic variations related mainly to locally available ingredients.

Chine:

Indigo starch method: Harvesting takes place during summer. Stems and leaves are placed in a pit or a tank according to the amount to be treated, coated with water and pressed by a board or a stone. Fermentation starts rapidly and causes the increase of temperature. It can take up to 20 hours depending on the ambient temperature. The green-yellow liquid that forms is filtered, then, it is violently stirred for several hours to aerate and oxidize it. The precipitation of the color is caused by the addition of lime or caustic ash. The deposit or indigo starch is collected, washed, filtered. It can be pressed into cakes or kept in wet paste.

It is in this shape that it is delivered to dyers. It is necessary to perform dyeing, to mix it with rice straw ashes and water and shake again.

Direct method: The leaves are crushed and left to ferment in a warm water tank allowing bacterial activity. Lime or ashes are added to maintain a fixed alkali rate. The fabric is placed directly in the bath. Oxidation occurs when the cloth is removed and exposed to air. This method gives pale blues. It is necessary to repeat soaking and exposure to air and provide fresh leaves for a more intense color.

일본:

The seeds are sown at the time of the spring equinox (mid March). They are transplanted in May and the first harvest takes place in summer. Plants are sorted, left to dry for two days and the leaves are separated from the stem by threshing

Shell method: The leaves are piled in one meter high layer in a warehouse where they are moistened and brewed regularly every three days. New leaves are added and sprayed with water during the entire operation. The temperature rises progressively according to the fermentation and can reach 70 ° C. The pile is then covered with a straw mat to retain heat and fermentation continues for one hundred days. The leaves are then crushed, drained and formed into shells or aidama which are dried.

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave ball (which requires filtering).

Indigo starch method: After harvesting, the leaves are left to dry for two days. Then, they are put to ferment in a tank covered with a small layer of water. The fermentation can take up to 20 hours depending on the ambient temperature.

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye).

The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is then formed into cakes.

Double fermentation method: The leaves are prepared according to the conventional fermentation method. Then the dye is kept in jars for several months without stirring to prevent rapid oxidation. When oxidation starts, it forms purple bubbles on the surface called "indigo flowers. This foam is removed, dried and crushed to reduce it in pigment powder. These pigments are used to form sticks by mixing them with animal glue.

Dyeing of paper is made in two ways: paper pulp dyeing (sukizome) or paper sheet dyeing by dipping (hitachizome). To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually three jars of dye are prepared with decreasing concentrations. The paper is dipped in the less concentrated dye jar and oxidation occurs in the air; the paper is then soaked in the little beat more concentrated dye. After oxidation, the sheet is dipped into the third jar with the strongest concentration. The process can be repeated several times to obtain a color more or less intense. The sheet is dried by exposing the surface to air; the color changes by oxidation.

한국:

Shell method: The leaves are piled in a tank or a pit and moistened and brewed regularly. The temperature rises progressively according to fermentation. They are then crushed, drained and formed into shells which are left to dry. They are delivered to dyers in this shape.

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave balls.

Indigo starch method: After harvesting the leaves are left to dry for two days. They are left to ferment in a tank covered with a small layer of water. The fermentation can take up to 20 hours depending on the ambient temperature. The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen to oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye). The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste is then formed into cakes or kept into mud called Niram.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, (Huyeombeop ). Then the paper can be hammered.

종이 명칭

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

일본:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

한국:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Dye

Langue:

Chinese

지역 표기:

蓼蓝

Botanical classification

Polygonum tinctorium Aiton

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

동의어:

Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton)Steud.

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H. Gross

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach

Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf.

식물의 성장 영역

Native to Vietnam and South of China, cultivated elsewhere.

China (Widespread), Japan, Vietnam.

Grows in moist valleys, stream banks at altitude 200-1000 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties (anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties) and as source of dye.

Indican is found only in the leaves. The leaves of Polygonum tinctorium can provide about 5% of indigo.

Blues are used as basis for greens and purples.

중국:

Miao in southern Sichuan, northern Yunnan and Guizhou used it in paste form. It was the most important source of indigo throughout the Far East until the arrival of Indigofera tinctoria.

일본:

Indigo plants used in Japan are Indigofera tinctoria, Strobilanthes flaccidifolia, Isatis tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium, the latter being the most frequently used in Japan.

Indigo Polygonum tinctorium is used in dyeing fabrics, papers and also in prints. It is often used to make green, mixed with Miscanthus tinctorius.

Imported from China probably in the 4th century, Polygonum tinctorium becomes the main source of indigo. From the 8th century its use by dyers is mentioned in the administration code (Shokuin-rei).

To obtain a light blue paper, it is possible to dye the pulp in the tank. To obtain an intense blue, the paper is colored by soaking in a dye bath.

Blue papers are used to cover books. They are also used for Buddhist sutras copies with gold ink.

한국:

Two encyclopedias from the 18th century report the extraction process of indigo.

This is a dye that has always been very popular in Korea; the blue is called "jjok bit" or "Korean blue". The methods traditionally used are those by fermentation.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

It is in this shape that it is delivered to dyers. It is necessary to perform dyeing, to mix it with rice straw ashes and water and shake again.

일본:

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye).

The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is then formed into cakes.

한국:

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave balls.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, (Huyeombeop ). Then the paper can be hammered.

종이 명칭

일본:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

한국:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Dye

Langue:

Botanical classification

Polygonum tinctorium Aiton

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

동의어:

Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton)Steud.

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H. Gross

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach

Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf.

식물의 성장 영역

Native to Vietnam and South of China, cultivated elsewhere.

China (Widespread), Japan, Vietnam.

Grows in moist valleys, stream banks at altitude 200-1000 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties (anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties) and as source of dye.

Indican is found only in the leaves. The leaves of Polygonum tinctorium can provide about 5% of indigo.

Blues are used as basis for greens and purples.

중국:

Miao in southern Sichuan, northern Yunnan and Guizhou used it in paste form. It was the most important source of indigo throughout the Far East until the arrival of Indigofera tinctoria.

일본:

Indigo plants used in Japan are Indigofera tinctoria, Strobilanthes flaccidifolia, Isatis tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium, the latter being the most frequently used in Japan.

Indigo Polygonum tinctorium is used in dyeing fabrics, papers and also in prints. It is often used to make green, mixed with Miscanthus tinctorius.

Imported from China probably in the 4th century, Polygonum tinctorium becomes the main source of indigo. From the 8th century its use by dyers is mentioned in the administration code (Shokuin-rei).

To obtain a light blue paper, it is possible to dye the pulp in the tank. To obtain an intense blue, the paper is colored by soaking in a dye bath.

Blue papers are used to cover books. They are also used for Buddhist sutras copies with gold ink.

한국:

Two encyclopedias from the 18th century report the extraction process of indigo.

This is a dye that has always been very popular in Korea; the blue is called "jjok bit" or "Korean blue". The methods traditionally used are those by fermentation.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

It is in this shape that it is delivered to dyers. It is necessary to perform dyeing, to mix it with rice straw ashes and water and shake again.

일본:

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye).

The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is then formed into cakes.

한국:

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave balls.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, (Huyeombeop ). Then the paper can be hammered.

종이 명칭

일본:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

한국:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Dye

Langue:

Botanical classification

Polygonum tinctorium Aiton

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

동의어:

Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton)Steud.

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H. Gross

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach

Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf.

식물의 성장 영역

Native to Vietnam and South of China, cultivated elsewhere.

China (Widespread), Japan, Vietnam.

Grows in moist valleys, stream banks at altitude 200-1000 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties (anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties) and as source of dye.

Indican is found only in the leaves. The leaves of Polygonum tinctorium can provide about 5% of indigo.

Blues are used as basis for greens and purples.

중국:

Miao in southern Sichuan, northern Yunnan and Guizhou used it in paste form. It was the most important source of indigo throughout the Far East until the arrival of Indigofera tinctoria.

일본:

Indigo plants used in Japan are Indigofera tinctoria, Strobilanthes flaccidifolia, Isatis tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium, the latter being the most frequently used in Japan.

Indigo Polygonum tinctorium is used in dyeing fabrics, papers and also in prints. It is often used to make green, mixed with Miscanthus tinctorius.

Imported from China probably in the 4th century, Polygonum tinctorium becomes the main source of indigo. From the 8th century its use by dyers is mentioned in the administration code (Shokuin-rei).

To obtain a light blue paper, it is possible to dye the pulp in the tank. To obtain an intense blue, the paper is colored by soaking in a dye bath.

Blue papers are used to cover books. They are also used for Buddhist sutras copies with gold ink.

한국:

Two encyclopedias from the 18th century report the extraction process of indigo.

This is a dye that has always been very popular in Korea; the blue is called "jjok bit" or "Korean blue". The methods traditionally used are those by fermentation.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

It is in this shape that it is delivered to dyers. It is necessary to perform dyeing, to mix it with rice straw ashes and water and shake again.

일본:

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye).

The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is then formed into cakes.

한국:

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave balls.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, (Huyeombeop ). Then the paper can be hammered.

종이 명칭

일본:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

한국:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Dye

Langue:

Botanical classification

Polygonum tinctorium Aiton

목:

Caryophyllales

과:

동의어:

Ampelygonum tinctorium (Aiton)Steud.

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) H. Gross

Persicaria tinctoria (Aiton) Spach

Pogalis tinctoria (Aiton) Raf.

식물의 성장 영역

Native to Vietnam and South of China, cultivated elsewhere.

China (Widespread), Japan, Vietnam.

Grows in moist valleys, stream banks at altitude 200-1000 m.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan, Korea.

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The plant is cultivated for its medicinal properties (anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties) and as source of dye.

Indican is found only in the leaves. The leaves of Polygonum tinctorium can provide about 5% of indigo.

Blues are used as basis for greens and purples.

중국:

Miao in southern Sichuan, northern Yunnan and Guizhou used it in paste form. It was the most important source of indigo throughout the Far East until the arrival of Indigofera tinctoria.

일본:

Indigo plants used in Japan are Indigofera tinctoria, Strobilanthes flaccidifolia, Isatis tinctoria and Polygonum tinctorium, the latter being the most frequently used in Japan.

Indigo Polygonum tinctorium is used in dyeing fabrics, papers and also in prints. It is often used to make green, mixed with Miscanthus tinctorius.

Imported from China probably in the 4th century, Polygonum tinctorium becomes the main source of indigo. From the 8th century its use by dyers is mentioned in the administration code (Shokuin-rei).

To obtain a light blue paper, it is possible to dye the pulp in the tank. To obtain an intense blue, the paper is colored by soaking in a dye bath.

Blue papers are used to cover books. They are also used for Buddhist sutras copies with gold ink.

한국:

Two encyclopedias from the 18th century report the extraction process of indigo.

This is a dye that has always been very popular in Korea; the blue is called "jjok bit" or "Korean blue". The methods traditionally used are those by fermentation.

제지를 위한 준비 방법

Chine:

It is in this shape that it is delivered to dyers. It is necessary to perform dyeing, to mix it with rice straw ashes and water and shake again.

일본:

The liquid is then collected and filtered. It is beaten to make him absorb oxygen and oxidize. Precipitation is done by adding an alkali (caustic lime or ash lye).

The deposit is washed, boiled and filtered. The paste, called indigo starch, is then formed into cakes.

한국:

So that they can be used for dyeing, these balls are crushed and the fermentation is reactivated by addition of warm water. The dye is directly extracted from the leave balls.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, (Huyeombeop ). Then the paper can be hammered.

종이 명칭

일본:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.
In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

한국:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

식물의 이용 부위:

Leaf

제지에서의 사용:

Dye

Langue:

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	...
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Daphne odora Thunb.

목:

Malvales

과:

동의어:

Daphne chinensis Spreng.

Daphne. hybrida Lindl.

Daphne japonica Thunb.

Daphne kiusiana var. odora (Thunb.) Makino

Daphne mazelii Carrière

Daphne odora f. alba (Hemsl.) H. Hara

Daphne odora f. marginata Makino

Daphne odora f. rosacea (Makino) H. Hara

Daphne odora var. alba Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. leucantha Makino

Daphne odora var. marginata Miq.

Daphne odora var. mazelii (Carrière) Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. rosacea Makino

Daphne odora var. variegata Bean

Daphne sinensis Lam.

Daphne speciosissima Carrière

Daphne triflora Lour.

식물의 성장 영역

Native origin is obscure, probably China or Japan but now widely cultivated in China.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan.

중국:

Xizang (Tibet).

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

Daphnes are shrubs or sub-shrubs of the Thymelaceae family. Daphnes comprise from 50 to 95 species, according to the classifications. Some species grow in the plains, others in the mountains, in rockery; they appreciate calcareous soils. The plants are recognizable by their colorful flowers and toxic fruits.
There is a great confusion among the various Daphnes, Edgeworthias and especially Wikstroemias because their morphologies are very similar.

The etymology of daphne comes from the name of the nymph, daughter of Peneus, who pursued by Apollo, was transformed into a laurel tree to escape.

The Daphne odora is an evergreen shrub that can reach 1.5 m in height and prefers sunny areas. It is easy to propagate but its life does not exceed ten years.

The bark contains a large amount of hemicelluloses which makes it valuable in the manufacture of paper. Daphnes are the base plants for making paper at the foot of Himalayas.

All parts of the plant are said to be poisonous, however the roots and bark are used in the traditional Nepalese medicine in the treatment of fevers. The bark has a high content of diterpene esters of tigliane daphnane type.

중국:

Daphne odora is widely cultivated in China.

Daphne papers are considered as the best in Tibet where they are called dug-shog which means poison paper because of the repellent properties of the bark.

종이 명칭

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Langue:

English

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	...
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Daphne odora Thunb.

목:

Malvales

과:

동의어:

Daphne chinensis Spreng.

Daphne. hybrida Lindl.

Daphne japonica Thunb.

Daphne kiusiana var. odora (Thunb.) Makino

Daphne mazelii Carrière

Daphne odora f. alba (Hemsl.) H. Hara

Daphne odora f. marginata Makino

Daphne odora f. rosacea (Makino) H. Hara

Daphne odora var. alba Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. leucantha Makino

Daphne odora var. marginata Miq.

Daphne odora var. mazelii (Carrière) Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. rosacea Makino

Daphne odora var. variegata Bean

Daphne sinensis Lam.

Daphne speciosissima Carrière

Daphne triflora Lour.

식물의 성장 영역

Native origin is obscure, probably China or Japan but now widely cultivated in China.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan.

중국:

Xizang (Tibet).

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The etymology of daphne comes from the name of the nymph, daughter of Peneus, who pursued by Apollo, was transformed into a laurel tree to escape.

The Daphne odora is an evergreen shrub that can reach 1.5 m in height and prefers sunny areas. It is easy to propagate but its life does not exceed ten years.

The bark contains a large amount of hemicelluloses which makes it valuable in the manufacture of paper. Daphnes are the base plants for making paper at the foot of Himalayas.

중국:

Daphne odora is widely cultivated in China.

Daphne papers are considered as the best in Tibet where they are called dug-shog which means poison paper because of the repellent properties of the bark.

종이 명칭

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Langue:

Japanese

지역 표기:

ジンチョウゲ

じんちょうげ

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	...
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Daphne odora Thunb.

목:

Malvales

과:

동의어:

Daphne chinensis Spreng.

Daphne. hybrida Lindl.

Daphne japonica Thunb.

Daphne kiusiana var. odora (Thunb.) Makino

Daphne mazelii Carrière

Daphne odora f. alba (Hemsl.) H. Hara

Daphne odora f. marginata Makino

Daphne odora f. rosacea (Makino) H. Hara

Daphne odora var. alba Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. leucantha Makino

Daphne odora var. marginata Miq.

Daphne odora var. mazelii (Carrière) Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. rosacea Makino

Daphne odora var. variegata Bean

Daphne sinensis Lam.

Daphne speciosissima Carrière

Daphne triflora Lour.

식물의 성장 영역

Native origin is obscure, probably China or Japan but now widely cultivated in China.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan.

중국:

Xizang (Tibet).

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The etymology of daphne comes from the name of the nymph, daughter of Peneus, who pursued by Apollo, was transformed into a laurel tree to escape.

The Daphne odora is an evergreen shrub that can reach 1.5 m in height and prefers sunny areas. It is easy to propagate but its life does not exceed ten years.

The bark contains a large amount of hemicelluloses which makes it valuable in the manufacture of paper. Daphnes are the base plants for making paper at the foot of Himalayas.

중국:

Daphne odora is widely cultivated in China.

Daphne papers are considered as the best in Tibet where they are called dug-shog which means poison paper because of the repellent properties of the bark.

종이 명칭

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Langue:

English

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	...
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Daphne odora Thunb.

목:

Malvales

과:

동의어:

Daphne chinensis Spreng.

Daphne. hybrida Lindl.

Daphne japonica Thunb.

Daphne kiusiana var. odora (Thunb.) Makino

Daphne mazelii Carrière

Daphne odora f. alba (Hemsl.) H. Hara

Daphne odora f. marginata Makino

Daphne odora f. rosacea (Makino) H. Hara

Daphne odora var. alba Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. leucantha Makino

Daphne odora var. marginata Miq.

Daphne odora var. mazelii (Carrière) Hemsl.

Daphne odora var. rosacea Makino

Daphne odora var. variegata Bean

Daphne sinensis Lam.

Daphne speciosissima Carrière

Daphne triflora Lour.

식물의 성장 영역

Native origin is obscure, probably China or Japan but now widely cultivated in China.

제지에서의 사용 범위

China, Japan.

중국:

Xizang (Tibet).

식물 재배 및 사용에 관한 일반성

The etymology of daphne comes from the name of the nymph, daughter of Peneus, who pursued by Apollo, was transformed into a laurel tree to escape.

The Daphne odora is an evergreen shrub that can reach 1.5 m in height and prefers sunny areas. It is easy to propagate but its life does not exceed ten years.

The bark contains a large amount of hemicelluloses which makes it valuable in the manufacture of paper. Daphnes are the base plants for making paper at the foot of Himalayas.

중국:

Daphne odora is widely cultivated in China.

Daphne papers are considered as the best in Tibet where they are called dug-shog which means poison paper because of the repellent properties of the bark.

종이 명칭

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

식물의 이용 부위:

Bark

제지에서의 사용:

Fiber

Langue:

Korean

지역 표기:

서향

서향나무

동의어:

Seohyangnamu

섬유 식별 요소들

Fibre type	...
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Daphne odora Thunb.

목:

Malvales

과: