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Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

胭脂

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

The coloring substance comes from the dried flowers. The flower contains two coloring substances: red (carthamine, soluble in bases) and yellow (precarthamine, safflomine, tinctormine soluble in water). The yellow dye, water soluble, can be removed by soaking first, the flowers in water and changing the water after pressing flowers, until it becomes clear. Its use is first mentioned in the 2nd century BC in the Far East but it is older in Persia. In China and Japan, the red from safflower was used as a blush.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

It is used for dyeing paper from the end of the Yuan dynasty (1280-1368), beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), in particular for dyeing cards of officials, announcements of happy events cards; in general the paper is made of bamboo and is thick.

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Qimin yaoshu treaty or “Main techniques for the welfare of the people” by Jia sixie (535 AD) and Tiangong Kaiwu or “Creations of nature and work of man” by Song Yingxing (1637) describe the preparation process.

The leaves are picked at dawn when they are still fresh. They are already crushed to a paste. This paste is pressed in a bag and rinsed to remove the yellow dye; the operation is very long. (The yellow dye can be stored as a basis for other dyes)

Flowers free of yellow dye are mixed with potash; the mixture is placed on a filter and washed down with water. The filtrate is then mixed with a weak acid (lemon juice, pomegranate juice) to precipitate the coloring material.

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop). Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

홍화

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

잇꽃

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

ベニバナ

べにばな

紅花

Botanical classification

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Order:

Asterales

Family:

Asteraceae

Plant growing area

Carthamus tinctorius is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; since it grows wild in South Europe and around Mediterranean Sea (Turkey), it is known mostly in cultivation today.

China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zheijiang).

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Carthamus tinctorius is an annual or biennial herb that can reach one meter in height.

It is cultivated in Asia as a source of vegetable dye and oil seed. Dried flowers are also used in traditional Chinese medicine.

China:

Using the plant as a dye was introduced by the northwest tribes; it is an important dyestuff under the Han (202 BC - 220 AC.).

Japan:

Using the plant as a dye was imported from China during the Tang Dynasty (618-960).

Safflower is used as textile and paper dye and in Ukiyo-e printing; this use appears around 1715.

Korea:

This dye which is expensive is reserved for royal garments. Both dyes are used in dyeing fabric, the yellow one for silk and wool, the red one for plant fibers.

It is a popular dye for hanji. It is also used in high-blood medication.

Preparation process for making paper

China:

The red dye does not require the use of a mordant.

Japan:

Picking takes place during flowering (July-August), when the flower heads are almost faded.

The flowers are washed 4 or 5 times with water to remove unwanted material (yellow dyes) and then pressed and dried in the form of cakes for sale.

To extract the dye, the flowers are placed in contact with an alkaline solution (soda or straw ashes) for one hour and must be filtered to obtain the carthamine extract.

The residue is treated again with lye until exhaustion.

To precipitate carthamine as a powder, a weak acid (made from green plums or acetic acid) is used. Color can be dried for preservation.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Usually the pulp is dyed in the vat before forming the sheets.

Korea:

Harvesting takes place in the morning when the plants are wet. The whole plants are placed in pots with water to ferment for 4-5 days. The liquid is then filtered prior to use.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

戎葵

Botanical classification

Alcea rosea L.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.

Althaea rosea var. sinensis (Cav.) S. Y. Hu

Althaea sinensis Cav.

Plant growing area

Not known in the wild but believed to have originated in China or from the tropical areas of South-East Asia.

Widely cultivated as an ornamental. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Pakistan, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

Biennial or perennial herb up to 2 to 3m high, cultivated as an ornamental. It is in flower from July to September. The flowers have colors ranging from white through pink and dark red to black.The purple flowers provide purple and blue-violet dyes.

The dying components are anthocyanidols: cyanidol, delphinidol, malvidin. The leaves contain a green dye and the flowers, a red one.

The dye was used to dye silk, wool, cotton and hides.

The roots and the flowers are used in Tibetan medicine: flowers and root are demulcent, diuretic and astringent.

The plant has also nutritional properties: the young leaves are eatable; a nutritious starch is obtained from the root and a tea is made from the flower petals.

China:

It is mainly used for its medicinal properties. It is used to dye ceremony papers and cards of scholars.

Japan:

Used as dye for fabrics.

Korea:

Used as dye for fabrics.

Preparation process for making paper

Using alum and tartar mordants allow a range of colors from blue to purple. Iron gives very dark red, almost black.

China:

The flowers are harvested when they are opened and are dried for later use. The dye is extracted from the petals. The petals can be used either fresh or dried.

Japan:

Dyeing is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

Paper names

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

たちあおい

立葵

タチアオイ

Botanical classification

Alcea rosea L.

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Malvaceae

Synonyms:

Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.

Althaea rosea var. sinensis (Cav.) S. Y. Hu

Althaea sinensis Cav.

Plant growing area

Not known in the wild but believed to have originated in China or from the tropical areas of South-East Asia.

Widely cultivated as an ornamental. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Pakistan, Taiwan.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

Plant cultivation and use

The dying components are anthocyanidols: cyanidol, delphinidol, malvidin. The leaves contain a green dye and the flowers, a red one.

The dye was used to dye silk, wool, cotton and hides.

The roots and the flowers are used in Tibetan medicine: flowers and root are demulcent, diuretic and astringent.

The plant has also nutritional properties: the young leaves are eatable; a nutritious starch is obtained from the root and a tea is made from the flower petals.

China:

It is mainly used for its medicinal properties. It is used to dye ceremony papers and cards of scholars.

Japan:

Used as dye for fabrics.

Korea:

Used as dye for fabrics.

Preparation process for making paper

Using alum and tartar mordants allow a range of colors from blue to purple. Iron gives very dark red, almost black.

China:

The flowers are harvested when they are opened and are dried for later use. The dye is extracted from the petals. The petals can be used either fresh or dried.

Japan:

Dyeing is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

Paper names

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Flower

Use for paper making:

Dye

Primary tabs

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Alcea rosea L.

Alcea rosea L.

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Primary tabs

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Alcea rosea L.

Alcea rosea L.

Pages