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Gleditsia sinensis Lam. © Flora of China

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

It is also possible to make a paste for printing patterns on the surface of paper. The recipe is to reduce the pod into powder to make a kind of glue which is mixed with croton oil (Codiaeum variegatum) and colors.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Language:

English

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight © Flora of China

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight © C. Laroque

Botanical classification

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Sterculiaceae

Synonyms:

Firmiana platanifolia R. Br.

Hibiscus simplex L.

Sterculia platanifolia L. f.

Sterculia urens Roxb.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan,Taiwan.

Widely cultivated in China.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Japan:

Shikoku (Kochi and Ehime prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Fimiana simplex is a deciduous tree up to 16m high.

The wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments in China. Its leaves are used as a substitute to tobacco.

A mucilage is extracted from the bark which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Botanical classification

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Sterculiaceae

Synonyms:

Firmiana platanifolia R. Br.

Hibiscus simplex L.

Sterculia platanifolia L. f.

Sterculia urens Roxb.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan,Taiwan.

Widely cultivated in China.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Japan:

Shikoku (Kochi and Ehime prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Fimiana simplex is a deciduous tree up to 16m high.

The wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments in China. Its leaves are used as a substitute to tobacco.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Sterculiaceae

Synonyms:

Firmiana platanifolia R. Br.

Hibiscus simplex L.

Sterculia platanifolia L. f.

Sterculia urens Roxb.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan,Taiwan.

Widely cultivated in China.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Japan:

Shikoku (Kochi and Ehime prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Fimiana simplex is a deciduous tree up to 16m high.

The wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments in China. Its leaves are used as a substitute to tobacco.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

あおぎり

アオギリ

Botanical classification

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Sterculiaceae

Synonyms:

Firmiana platanifolia R. Br.

Hibiscus simplex L.

Sterculia platanifolia L. f.

Sterculia urens Roxb.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan,Taiwan.

Widely cultivated in China.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Japan:

Shikoku (Kochi and Ehime prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Fimiana simplex is a deciduous tree up to 16m high.

The wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments in China. Its leaves are used as a substitute to tobacco.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

주엽나무

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

皂荚

Botanical classification

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Caesalpiniaceae

Synonyms:

Gleditsisa horrida Willd.

Gleditsisa macracantha Desf.

Gleditsisa officinalis Hemsl.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang).

Grows on mountain slopes, forests, valleys, near roads; 200-2500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Gleditsia sinensis is a tree of average size but which can reach 30m in height.

Thorns of Gleditsia sinensis are used in China and Korea for their medicinal properties.

China:

Gleditsia sinensis would be one of the 50 fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

The plant is used as a detergent in China for 2000 years. The pods are ground into powder which is used as soap.

The powder was used to clean the paintings, but also to size the paper, or mixed with the mounting paste.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Sizing agent

Dyeing aid

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

벽오동

Botanical classification

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Sterculiaceae

Synonyms:

Firmiana platanifolia R. Br.

Hibiscus simplex L.

Sterculia platanifolia L. f.

Sterculia urens Roxb.

Plant growing area

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan,Taiwan.

Widely cultivated in China.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan.

Japan:

Shikoku (Kochi and Ehime prefectures).

Plant cultivation and use

Fimiana simplex is a deciduous tree up to 16m high.

The wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments in China. Its leaves are used as a substitute to tobacco.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Primary tabs

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

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Primary tabs

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight

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