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Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

东北瑞香

Daphne pseudomezereum A. Gray © Flora of China

Daphne pseudomezereum A. Gray © L.B. Vilmont

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Looks like gampi and mitsumata.
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining	Grey-blue.

Botanical classification

Daphne pseudomezereum A. Gray

Order:

Malvales

Family:

Thymelaeaceae

Synonyms:

Daphne japonica Siebold & Zucc.

Plant growing area

China (Jilin, Liaoning), Japan, Korea.

It grows in forest at an altitude from 800 to 1600m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

China:

Xizang (Tibet).

Plant cultivation and use

Daphnes are shrubs or sub-shrubs of the Thymelaceae family. Daphnes comprise from 50 to 95 species, according to the classifications. Some species grow in the plains, others in the mountains, in rockery; they appreciate calcareous soils. The plants are recognizable by their colorful flowers and toxic fruits.
There is a great confusion among the various Daphnes, Edgeworthias and especially Wikstroemias because their morphologies are very similar.

The etymology of daphne pseudomezereum comes on one hand, from the name of the nymph, daughter of Peneus, who pursued by Apollo, was transformed into a laurel tree to escape, and on the other hand from the Arabic word mezereum which means toxic.

Daphne pseudomezereum is a shrub, deciduous in summer, which can reach 1.5 m in height and prefers sunny areas. Flowers are pale green and flowering occurs in March to April. It is easy to propagate but its life does not exceed ten years.

The bark contains a large amount of hemicelluloses which makes it valuable in the manufacture of paper. Daphnes are the base plants for making paper at the foot of Himalayas.

China:

Daphne papers are considered as the best in Tibet where they are called dug-shog which means poison paper because of the repellent properties of the bark.

Japan:

The plant has been used in the manufacture of paper during the Nara period (710-794).

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Used part of the plant:

Bark

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

English

Identification

Fibre type	Grass
Average fibre lenght	1.4mm
Average fibre width	15µm
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Vessel elements. Parenchyma cells. Presence of other thin walled pitted fibres, rounded or barrel.
Special features	Fibers with thick and narrow walls. Large rectangular epidermal cells, often double-walled, in saw tooth shape.
Herzberg staining	Green/Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Green/Blue.

Botanical classification

Triticum aestivum L.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Thell.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Farw.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Fiori

Triticum compositum L.

Triticum dicoccon var. timopheevii Zhuk.

Triticum estivum Raf.

Triticum hybernum L.

Triticum orientale Percival

Triticum persicum Vavilov ex Zhukov

Triticum pyramidale Percival

Triticum sativum Lam.

Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. compositum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. vulgare (Vill.) Vilm.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Desv.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Hack.

Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk.

Triticum vulgare (L.) Salisb.

Triticum vulgare Vill.

Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Spenn.

Zeia vulgaris var. aestiva (L.) Lunell

Plant growing area

Plant of Mediterranean origin, cultivated worldwide: it is found from Europe to China.

China (throughout China).

Grown in fields at altitudes below 3500m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

China:

Zhejiang.

Japan:

Shikoku (Ehime prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Wheat is an annual plant up to 1.50m in height, consisting of a stem topped by an ear. The plant can adapt to different kinds of soils, but moist and well-drained and she requires full sun.
There are about 25 species of Triticum worldwide, including four in China, which were all introduced.
The ancestor of today's wheats is a wild grass, Egilope, that grew in the Middle East where it was domesticated in the early Neolithic. Wheat is an essential nutrient in Western societies as bread, porridges, noodles etc.. The expansion of wheat cultivation takes place both to Europe and eastward, reaching China and Korea around 3500 BC. and Japan around 2300 BC.
Triticum aestivum wheat is grown to make bread flour in the West and noodles in Asia.
The wheat straw is used as bedding and fodder for animals, to cover houses and in the manufacture of handicrafts.
Straw is not very often used in the manufacture of Asian papers.
Starch is used as a sizing agent for textiles.

China:

Su I-Chien (953-996), in the "Phu Weng Fang Ssu" or "Four implements for writing in a scholar's studio" says that rice and wheat straws are used in Zhejiang and produce an excellent paper when mixed with rattan.

Song Yingxing (1587-1646) in the "Tian Gong Kai Wu" or "Creations of nature and work of man " (encyclopedia dated around 1634) mentions the blending of straw with bamboo in the manufacture of wrapping paper.
Currently straw is still one of the most used materials in the production of packaging paper, ceremony papers and sanitary papers.

Japan:

Rice straw was used at the time of mechanization with the search for new materials. These tests were conducted in Kochi Prefecture during the Meiji period (1868-1912).

Straw is also used in the manufacture of paper of kariryo hanshi or improved hanshi after the World War II.

Korea:

In Korea, wheat and rice straws are used in combination with the bark of Broussonetia. They are additional raw materials to reduce the cost during the Joseon period (1392-1910).

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Wheat is harvested in late summer; after collecting the seeds, the straw is cut in pieces and beaten to soften it.

Straw is set to be steeped in lime water for 5 days in earthen jars, or after soaking in water for 24 hours, it is cooked for two hours in ash lye or caustic soda.

The straw is then placed in fine mesh bags suspended from poles in running water to remove the whole lime.

Straw is then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. The beating is shorter and less violent than for bamboo or bark pulps.

"Tian Gong Kai Wu" variant: the straw is beaten at first, then after immersion in lime water, it is buried in a pit. After disintegration, straw, placed in cloth bags, is rinsed in river.

Japan:

Straw is boiled in caustic soda.

Paper names

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

コムギ

こむぎ

Identification

Fibre type	Grass
Average fibre lenght	1.4mm
Average fibre width	15µm
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Vessel elements. Parenchyma cells. Presence of other thin walled pitted fibres, rounded or barrel.
Special features	Fibers with thick and narrow walls. Large rectangular epidermal cells, often double-walled, in saw tooth shape.
Herzberg staining	Green/Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Green/Blue.

Botanical classification

Triticum aestivum L.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Thell.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Farw.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Fiori

Triticum compositum L.

Triticum dicoccon var. timopheevii Zhuk.

Triticum estivum Raf.

Triticum hybernum L.

Triticum orientale Percival

Triticum persicum Vavilov ex Zhukov

Triticum pyramidale Percival

Triticum sativum Lam.

Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. compositum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. vulgare (Vill.) Vilm.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Desv.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Hack.

Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk.

Triticum vulgare (L.) Salisb.

Triticum vulgare Vill.

Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Spenn.

Zeia vulgaris var. aestiva (L.) Lunell

Plant growing area

Plant of Mediterranean origin, cultivated worldwide: it is found from Europe to China.

China (throughout China).

Grown in fields at altitudes below 3500m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

China:

Zhejiang.

Japan:

Shikoku (Ehime prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

China:

Japan:

Rice straw was used at the time of mechanization with the search for new materials. These tests were conducted in Kochi Prefecture during the Meiji period (1868-1912).

Straw is also used in the manufacture of paper of kariryo hanshi or improved hanshi after the World War II.

Korea:

In Korea, wheat and rice straws are used in combination with the bark of Broussonetia. They are additional raw materials to reduce the cost during the Joseon period (1392-1910).

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Wheat is harvested in late summer; after collecting the seeds, the straw is cut in pieces and beaten to soften it.

Straw is set to be steeped in lime water for 5 days in earthen jars, or after soaking in water for 24 hours, it is cooked for two hours in ash lye or caustic soda.

The straw is then placed in fine mesh bags suspended from poles in running water to remove the whole lime.

Straw is then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. The beating is shorter and less violent than for bamboo or bark pulps.

"Tian Gong Kai Wu" variant: the straw is beaten at first, then after immersion in lime water, it is buried in a pit. After disintegration, straw, placed in cloth bags, is rinsed in river.

Japan:

Straw is boiled in caustic soda.

Paper names

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

밀

Identification

Fibre type	Grass
Average fibre lenght	1.4mm
Average fibre width	15µm
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Vessel elements. Parenchyma cells. Presence of other thin walled pitted fibres, rounded or barrel.
Special features	Fibers with thick and narrow walls. Large rectangular epidermal cells, often double-walled, in saw tooth shape.
Herzberg staining	Green/Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Green/Blue.

Botanical classification

Triticum aestivum L.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Thell.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Farw.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Fiori

Triticum compositum L.

Triticum dicoccon var. timopheevii Zhuk.

Triticum estivum Raf.

Triticum hybernum L.

Triticum orientale Percival

Triticum persicum Vavilov ex Zhukov

Triticum pyramidale Percival

Triticum sativum Lam.

Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. compositum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. vulgare (Vill.) Vilm.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Desv.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Hack.

Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk.

Triticum vulgare (L.) Salisb.

Triticum vulgare Vill.

Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Spenn.

Zeia vulgaris var. aestiva (L.) Lunell

Plant growing area

Plant of Mediterranean origin, cultivated worldwide: it is found from Europe to China.

China (throughout China).

Grown in fields at altitudes below 3500m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

China:

Zhejiang.

Japan:

Shikoku (Ehime prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

China:

Japan:

Rice straw was used at the time of mechanization with the search for new materials. These tests were conducted in Kochi Prefecture during the Meiji period (1868-1912).

Straw is also used in the manufacture of paper of kariryo hanshi or improved hanshi after the World War II.

Korea:

In Korea, wheat and rice straws are used in combination with the bark of Broussonetia. They are additional raw materials to reduce the cost during the Joseon period (1392-1910).

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Wheat is harvested in late summer; after collecting the seeds, the straw is cut in pieces and beaten to soften it.

Straw is set to be steeped in lime water for 5 days in earthen jars, or after soaking in water for 24 hours, it is cooked for two hours in ash lye or caustic soda.

The straw is then placed in fine mesh bags suspended from poles in running water to remove the whole lime.

Straw is then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. The beating is shorter and less violent than for bamboo or bark pulps.

"Tian Gong Kai Wu" variant: the straw is beaten at first, then after immersion in lime water, it is buried in a pit. After disintegration, straw, placed in cloth bags, is rinsed in river.

Japan:

Straw is boiled in caustic soda.

Paper names

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Grass
Average fibre lenght	1.4mm
Average fibre width	15µm
Fibre ends	Blunt or pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Vessel elements. Parenchyma cells. Presence of other thin walled pitted fibres, rounded or barrel.
Special features	Fibers with thick and narrow walls. Large rectangular epidermal cells, often double-walled, in saw tooth shape.
Herzberg staining	Green/Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Green/Blue.

Botanical classification

Triticum aestivum L.

Order:

Poales

Family:

Poaceae

Synonyms:

Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) Thell.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Farw.

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum (L.) Fiori

Triticum compositum L.

Triticum dicoccon var. timopheevii Zhuk.

Triticum estivum Raf.

Triticum hybernum L.

Triticum orientale Percival

Triticum persicum Vavilov ex Zhukov

Triticum pyramidale Percival

Triticum sativum Lam.

Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. compositum (L.) Alph. Wood

Triticum sativum var. vulgare (Vill.) Vilm.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Desv.

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Hack.

Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk.

Triticum vulgare (L.) Salisb.

Triticum vulgare Vill.

Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Spenn.

Zeia vulgaris var. aestiva (L.) Lunell

Plant growing area

Plant of Mediterranean origin, cultivated worldwide: it is found from Europe to China.

China (throughout China).

Grown in fields at altitudes below 3500m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Japan.

China:

Zhejiang.

Japan:

Shikoku (Ehime prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

China:

Japan:

Rice straw was used at the time of mechanization with the search for new materials. These tests were conducted in Kochi Prefecture during the Meiji period (1868-1912).

Straw is also used in the manufacture of paper of kariryo hanshi or improved hanshi after the World War II.

Korea:

In Korea, wheat and rice straws are used in combination with the bark of Broussonetia. They are additional raw materials to reduce the cost during the Joseon period (1392-1910).

Preparation process for making paper

China:

Wheat is harvested in late summer; after collecting the seeds, the straw is cut in pieces and beaten to soften it.

Straw is set to be steeped in lime water for 5 days in earthen jars, or after soaking in water for 24 hours, it is cooked for two hours in ash lye or caustic soda.

The straw is then placed in fine mesh bags suspended from poles in running water to remove the whole lime.

Straw is then beaten in a ball mill for 1½ hours. The beating is shorter and less violent than for bamboo or bark pulps.

"Tian Gong Kai Wu" variant: the straw is beaten at first, then after immersion in lime water, it is buried in a pit. After disintegration, straw, placed in cloth bags, is rinsed in river.

Japan:

Straw is boiled in caustic soda.

Paper names

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

梅

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. © Flora of China

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc. © Plantillustrations

Botanical classification

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Rosales

Family:

Rosaceae

Synonyms:

Armeniaca mume var. mume

Plant growing area

China (Native to Sichuan and Yunnan; cultivated throughout most of China), Japan, Korea, North Laos, Taiwan, North Vietnam. Commonly cultivated in these countries.

Grows on forested slopes, on stream sides, along trails, at an altitude from 1700 to 3100 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Prunus mume is a deciduous tree, 4 to 6 meters high. It is a rustic hard pit fruit tree considered as intermediate between plum and apricot. Flowering occurs in early spring, the flowers are white or pink and very fragrant. It prefers hot and humid climate and a sunny exposure. It has a life span of several centuries.

Its cultivation has spread for ornamental purposes throughout the Far East, where it is associated to art and literature. There are about 300 ornamental cultivars. Flowering of Prunus mume is celebrated throughout the Far East.

The fruits are eaten in all kinds of shape in China, Japan and Korea: sauces, syrups, liquors, vinegar, the most common being the "salted plums" which have antiseptic and restorative properties. They also have medicinal properties: the use of mei fruit is mentioned in the Shennong bencao jing or Classic of the Materia Medica of the Heavenly plowman, compilation of pharmacopoeia texts dating from the beginning of our era. They are effective for the treatment of cough, diarrhea, and for the removal of intestinal parasites.

A pink, brown-violet dye, can be obtained from the fruit. The color varies according to the type of mordant: pale pink with alum, purple brown with iron salts.

China:

The tree and its flower are responsible for many symbols in the Confucianism: values of virtue and perseverance but also transience of life because of a beautiful but ephemeral flowering. In the literature, poetry and the arts mei is the symbol of winter and the arrival of spring and therefore perseverance and hope.
It is grown in orchards in the Yangtze valley or potted as bonsais.

Japan:

Buddhism introduced to Japan in the 6th-7th centuries, brought with it Prunus mume.
Blooms are subject in Japan to hanami which means looking at flowers. Ume were the most popular for hanami during the Nara period (710-794), but they will be overtaken by the cherrytrees since the Heian period (794-1185).

The dye is used for kesa, dress of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Korea:

In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring. It is a popular flower motif for embroidery.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Fruit juice added with lime water or rice vinegar is used.

Dyeing of paper is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).
To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by their small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Korea:

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop). Then the paper can be hammered.

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

French

Botanical classification

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Rosales

Family:

Rosaceae

Synonyms:

Armeniaca mume var. mume

Plant growing area

China (Native to Sichuan and Yunnan; cultivated throughout most of China), Japan, Korea, North Laos, Taiwan, North Vietnam. Commonly cultivated in these countries.

Grows on forested slopes, on stream sides, along trails, at an altitude from 1700 to 3100 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

A pink, brown-violet dye, can be obtained from the fruit. The color varies according to the type of mordant: pale pink with alum, purple brown with iron salts.

China:

Japan:

The dye is used for kesa, dress of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Korea:

In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring. It is a popular flower motif for embroidery.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Fruit juice added with lime water or rice vinegar is used.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

うめ

Synonym:

梅

Botanical classification

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Rosales

Family:

Rosaceae

Synonyms:

Armeniaca mume var. mume

Plant growing area

China (Native to Sichuan and Yunnan; cultivated throughout most of China), Japan, Korea, North Laos, Taiwan, North Vietnam. Commonly cultivated in these countries.

Grows on forested slopes, on stream sides, along trails, at an altitude from 1700 to 3100 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

A pink, brown-violet dye, can be obtained from the fruit. The color varies according to the type of mordant: pale pink with alum, purple brown with iron salts.

China:

Japan:

The dye is used for kesa, dress of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Korea:

In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring. It is a popular flower motif for embroidery.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Fruit juice added with lime water or rice vinegar is used.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

매실나무

Botanical classification

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Rosales

Family:

Rosaceae

Synonyms:

Armeniaca mume var. mume

Plant growing area

China (Native to Sichuan and Yunnan; cultivated throughout most of China), Japan, Korea, North Laos, Taiwan, North Vietnam. Commonly cultivated in these countries.

Grows on forested slopes, on stream sides, along trails, at an altitude from 1700 to 3100 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

A pink, brown-violet dye, can be obtained from the fruit. The color varies according to the type of mordant: pale pink with alum, purple brown with iron salts.

China:

Japan:

The dye is used for kesa, dress of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Korea:

In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring. It is a popular flower motif for embroidery.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Fruit juice added with lime water or rice vinegar is used.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Language:

English

Botanical classification

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Order:

Rosales

Family:

Rosaceae

Synonyms:

Armeniaca mume var. mume

Plant growing area

China (Native to Sichuan and Yunnan; cultivated throughout most of China), Japan, Korea, North Laos, Taiwan, North Vietnam. Commonly cultivated in these countries.

Grows on forested slopes, on stream sides, along trails, at an altitude from 1700 to 3100 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Japan, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

A pink, brown-violet dye, can be obtained from the fruit. The color varies according to the type of mordant: pale pink with alum, purple brown with iron salts.

China:

Japan:

The dye is used for kesa, dress of Buddhist monks and nuns.

Korea:

In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring. It is a popular flower motif for embroidery.

Preparation process for making paper

Japan:

Fruit juice added with lime water or rice vinegar is used.

Korea:

Paper names

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.
In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Fruit

Use for paper making:

Dye

Primary tabs

Daphne pseudomezereum A. Gray

Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum aestivum L.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

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Primary tabs

Daphne pseudomezereum A. Gray

Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum aestivum L.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc.

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