Recherche

Langue:

Chinese

Local scripture:

燕麦

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, leaves
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm (1.3 – 3.4)
Average fibre width	25 µm (8.3 – 33.1)
Fibre ends	Pointed
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Very large parenchyma cells. Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple yellow
Graff 'C' staining	Purple

Classification botanique

Avena sativa L.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Avena byzantina K. Koch.

Avena chinensis Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.

Avena chinensis Link

Avena distans Schur.

Avena fatua subsp. sativa (L.) Thell.

Avena fatua var. sativa (L.) Hausskn.

Avena grandis Nevski,

Avena orientalis Schreb.

Avena rubra Zuccagni

Avena volgensis (Vavilov) Nevski

Aire de croissance de la plante

Originated to Middle-East. Grows in north-temperate regions of the world.

It is widely cultivated in China.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Avena sativa is an annual growing plant which can reach 25cm to 1,5 m height. It has a relatively strong root system which allows it to root deeply.

Flowers are hermaphrodite, self-pollinated by the wind. It can be planted either in autumn or in spring. It blooms from June to July and the seeds ripen from August to October. Oat is a quite easily grown crop. However it prefers dry soil and sunny areas but tolerates cool and moist conditions and poor soils. It resists fairly to cold.

The wild ancestor of Avena sativa is Avena byzantina which originates to Middle East and spread westwards.

Oats were consumed by men at any times in porridges.

The seeds have medicinal uses, particularly in the treatment of constipation, the regulation of cholesterol and blood glucose.

Oat is cultivated mainly as a cereal crop and as green fodder crop in temperate regions of the world.

The straw is used as mulch, thatching, as stuffing material for mattresses, and for paper-making.

Corée:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Indeed, the various straws seem to be used as complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

Noms de papiers

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Corée:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Straw

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, leaves
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm (1.3 – 3.4)
Average fibre width	25 µm (8.3 – 33.1)
Fibre ends	Pointed
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Very large parenchyma cells. Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple yellow
Graff 'C' staining	Purple

Classification botanique

Avena sativa L.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Avena byzantina K. Koch.

Avena chinensis Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.

Avena chinensis Link

Avena distans Schur.

Avena fatua subsp. sativa (L.) Thell.

Avena fatua var. sativa (L.) Hausskn.

Avena grandis Nevski,

Avena orientalis Schreb.

Avena rubra Zuccagni

Avena volgensis (Vavilov) Nevski

Aire de croissance de la plante

Originated to Middle-East. Grows in north-temperate regions of the world.

It is widely cultivated in China.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Avena sativa is an annual growing plant which can reach 25cm to 1,5 m height. It has a relatively strong root system which allows it to root deeply.

The wild ancestor of Avena sativa is Avena byzantina which originates to Middle East and spread westwards.

Oats were consumed by men at any times in porridges.

The seeds have medicinal uses, particularly in the treatment of constipation, the regulation of cholesterol and blood glucose.

Oat is cultivated mainly as a cereal crop and as green fodder crop in temperate regions of the world.

The straw is used as mulch, thatching, as stuffing material for mattresses, and for paper-making.

Corée:

Noms de papiers

Corée:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Straw

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Japanese

Local scripture:

オートムギ

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, leaves
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm (1.3 – 3.4)
Average fibre width	25 µm (8.3 – 33.1)
Fibre ends	Pointed
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Very large parenchyma cells. Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple yellow
Graff 'C' staining	Purple

Classification botanique

Avena sativa L.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Avena byzantina K. Koch.

Avena chinensis Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.

Avena chinensis Link

Avena distans Schur.

Avena fatua subsp. sativa (L.) Thell.

Avena fatua var. sativa (L.) Hausskn.

Avena grandis Nevski,

Avena orientalis Schreb.

Avena rubra Zuccagni

Avena volgensis (Vavilov) Nevski

Aire de croissance de la plante

Originated to Middle-East. Grows in north-temperate regions of the world.

It is widely cultivated in China.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Avena sativa is an annual growing plant which can reach 25cm to 1,5 m height. It has a relatively strong root system which allows it to root deeply.

The wild ancestor of Avena sativa is Avena byzantina which originates to Middle East and spread westwards.

Oats were consumed by men at any times in porridges.

The seeds have medicinal uses, particularly in the treatment of constipation, the regulation of cholesterol and blood glucose.

Oat is cultivated mainly as a cereal crop and as green fodder crop in temperate regions of the world.

The straw is used as mulch, thatching, as stuffing material for mattresses, and for paper-making.

Corée:

Noms de papiers

Corée:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Straw

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, leaves
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm (1.3 – 3.4)
Average fibre width	25 µm (8.3 – 33.1)
Fibre ends	Pointed
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Very large parenchyma cells. Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple yellow
Graff 'C' staining	Purple

Classification botanique

Avena sativa L.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Avena byzantina K. Koch.

Avena chinensis Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.

Avena chinensis Link

Avena distans Schur.

Avena fatua subsp. sativa (L.) Thell.

Avena fatua var. sativa (L.) Hausskn.

Avena grandis Nevski,

Avena orientalis Schreb.

Avena rubra Zuccagni

Avena volgensis (Vavilov) Nevski

Aire de croissance de la plante

Originated to Middle-East. Grows in north-temperate regions of the world.

It is widely cultivated in China.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Avena sativa is an annual growing plant which can reach 25cm to 1,5 m height. It has a relatively strong root system which allows it to root deeply.

The wild ancestor of Avena sativa is Avena byzantina which originates to Middle East and spread westwards.

Oats were consumed by men at any times in porridges.

The seeds have medicinal uses, particularly in the treatment of constipation, the regulation of cholesterol and blood glucose.

Oat is cultivated mainly as a cereal crop and as green fodder crop in temperate regions of the world.

The straw is used as mulch, thatching, as stuffing material for mattresses, and for paper-making.

Corée:

Noms de papiers

Corée:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Straw

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Wisteria floribunda (willd.) DC © Flora of China

Wisteria floribunda (willd.) DC © T.H. Choi

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm (0.9 – 2.6)
Average fibre width	17,5 µm (9.3 – 24.8)
Fibre ends	Blunt.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Les prominent fiber wall; no cross-marking.
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining	Purple.
Graff 'C' staining	Yellow.

Classification botanique

Wisteria floribunda (willd.) DC

Ordre:

Fabales

Famille:

Fabaceae

Synonymes:

Glycine floribunda Willd.

Kraunhia floribunda (Willd.) Taub.

Phaseolodes floribundum (Willd.) Kuntze

Rehsonia floribunda (Willd.) Stritch

Aire de croissance de la plante

China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Henan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea,Taiwan.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Wisteria floribunda is a deciduous woody liana. It prefers moist soils and full sun.

Lianas can reach 30m length. Blooming takes place in early spring. Flowers which forms grapes reaching 50cm length, are pale purple. Fruits are poisonous but edible after cooking. Flowers are also eaten and leaves are used to make tea. Seeds have diuretic properties.

Fibers from the stems are long and are used to make a paper with a buff color.

Chine:

Wisteria floribunda fibers were used in China long before in Korea.

The use of Wisteria floribunda is popular in the Sui dynasty (581-618), the Five Dynasties (581-960) and Tang dynasty (618-907). It disappears after the Tang period because its growth is slow and the quantities obtained were scarce.

The use of the plant is cited in "Yunju Mishu" or "Rare Books of Yunju", text written during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) which provides guidance on raw materials used in the manufacture of paper and provinces where they are used.

Corée:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as glycine, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Wisteria floribunda seems to have been used very early, since the Goryeo period.

Wisteria is used alone or mixed with Broussonetia Kazinoki, for the manufacture of paper devoted to white fans as the paper has a very smooth surface.

Procédés de fabrication

Corée:

Stems are harvested in summer. After removing the leaves they are steamed. They are cooked for 3 hours in alkaline lye. They are then crushed in a mill or a mortar.

Noms de papiers

Corée:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Bark

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, leaves
Average fibre lenght	1,7 mm (1.3 – 3.4)
Average fibre width	25 µm (8.3 – 33.1)
Fibre ends	Pointed
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Very large parenchyma cells. Faint wall.
Herzberg staining	Purple yellow
Graff 'C' staining	Purple

Classification botanique

Avena sativa L.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Avena byzantina K. Koch.

Avena chinensis Fisch. ex Roem. & Schult.

Avena chinensis Link

Avena distans Schur.

Avena fatua subsp. sativa (L.) Thell.

Avena fatua var. sativa (L.) Hausskn.

Avena grandis Nevski,

Avena orientalis Schreb.

Avena rubra Zuccagni

Avena volgensis (Vavilov) Nevski

Aire de croissance de la plante

Originated to Middle-East. Grows in north-temperate regions of the world.

It is widely cultivated in China.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Avena sativa is an annual growing plant which can reach 25cm to 1,5 m height. It has a relatively strong root system which allows it to root deeply.

The wild ancestor of Avena sativa is Avena byzantina which originates to Middle East and spread westwards.

Oats were consumed by men at any times in porridges.

The seeds have medicinal uses, particularly in the treatment of constipation, the regulation of cholesterol and blood glucose.

Oat is cultivated mainly as a cereal crop and as green fodder crop in temperate regions of the world.

The straw is used as mulch, thatching, as stuffing material for mattresses, and for paper-making.

Corée:

Noms de papiers

Corée:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Straw

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Miscanthus sinensis Anders. © Flora of China

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, straw
Average fibre lenght	2mm
Average fibre width	20µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Epidermal cells present Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells
Special features
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Classification botanique

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Erianthus japonicus (Trin.) P. Beauv.

Eulalia japonica Trin.

Eulalia japonica Trin. ex Steud.

Eulalia japonica var. gracillima (Hitchc.) Grier

Miscanthus japonicus (Trin.) Andersson

Miscanthus japonicus Andersson

Miscanthus condensatus Hack.

Miscanthus kanehirae Honda

Miscanthus purpurascens Andersson

Miscanthus sinensis fo. gracillimus (Hitchc.) Ohwi

Miscanthus sinensis fo. sinensis

Miscanthus sinensis fo. variegatus (Beal) Beetle

Miscanthus sinensis subsp. purpurascens (Andersson) Tzvelev

Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus Hitchc.

Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (Andersson) Matsum.

Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus (Hack.) Makino

Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hayata

Miscanthus sinensis var. variegatus Beal

Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Beal

Ripidium japonicum (Trin.) Trin.

Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Saccharum japonicum Houtt.

Xiphagrostis japonicus (Trin.) Coville

Aire de croissance de la plante

There are 14 species of Miscanthus, mostly located in South Asia and the Pacific Islands; two species are endemic to China.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows on mountain slopes, on the coasts, below 2000 m.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Herbaceous perennial plant forming dense clumps from underground rhizomes, at height of 0,80m to 4 m. The culms are topped by feathery silver spikes. It has a rapid growth, it adapts to various types of soils and is resistant to wind and spray. Flowering occurs in late summer.

Japon:

In Japan, the plant is used as thatching for traditional Japanese farmhouses.

In papermaking, it is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

It is also used as fibers mixed with gampi or other fibers to make gasenshi.

After World War II, a papermaker named Shusaku Tomi, on the Noto peninsula (Ishikawa Prefecture), tried again to make paper with these fibers.

Corée:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Indeed miscanthus sinensis seems to be used as a complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

However, this reed is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

Noms de papiers

Japon:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Japanese

Local scripture:

カヤ

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, straw
Average fibre lenght	2mm
Average fibre width	20µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Epidermal cells present Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells
Special features
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Classification botanique

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Erianthus japonicus (Trin.) P. Beauv.

Eulalia japonica Trin.

Eulalia japonica Trin. ex Steud.

Eulalia japonica var. gracillima (Hitchc.) Grier

Miscanthus japonicus (Trin.) Andersson

Miscanthus japonicus Andersson

Miscanthus condensatus Hack.

Miscanthus kanehirae Honda

Miscanthus purpurascens Andersson

Miscanthus sinensis fo. gracillimus (Hitchc.) Ohwi

Miscanthus sinensis fo. sinensis

Miscanthus sinensis fo. variegatus (Beal) Beetle

Miscanthus sinensis subsp. purpurascens (Andersson) Tzvelev

Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus Hitchc.

Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (Andersson) Matsum.

Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus (Hack.) Makino

Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hayata

Miscanthus sinensis var. variegatus Beal

Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Beal

Ripidium japonicum (Trin.) Trin.

Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Saccharum japonicum Houtt.

Xiphagrostis japonicus (Trin.) Coville

Aire de croissance de la plante

There are 14 species of Miscanthus, mostly located in South Asia and the Pacific Islands; two species are endemic to China.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows on mountain slopes, on the coasts, below 2000 m.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Japon:

In Japan, the plant is used as thatching for traditional Japanese farmhouses.

In papermaking, it is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

It is also used as fibers mixed with gampi or other fibers to make gasenshi.

After World War II, a papermaker named Shusaku Tomi, on the Noto peninsula (Ishikawa Prefecture), tried again to make paper with these fibers.

Corée:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Indeed miscanthus sinensis seems to be used as a complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

However, this reed is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

Noms de papiers

Japon:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Japanese

Local scripture:

ススキ

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, straw
Average fibre lenght	2mm
Average fibre width	20µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Epidermal cells present Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells
Special features
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Classification botanique

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Erianthus japonicus (Trin.) P. Beauv.

Eulalia japonica Trin.

Eulalia japonica Trin. ex Steud.

Eulalia japonica var. gracillima (Hitchc.) Grier

Miscanthus japonicus (Trin.) Andersson

Miscanthus japonicus Andersson

Miscanthus condensatus Hack.

Miscanthus kanehirae Honda

Miscanthus purpurascens Andersson

Miscanthus sinensis fo. gracillimus (Hitchc.) Ohwi

Miscanthus sinensis fo. sinensis

Miscanthus sinensis fo. variegatus (Beal) Beetle

Miscanthus sinensis subsp. purpurascens (Andersson) Tzvelev

Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus Hitchc.

Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (Andersson) Matsum.

Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus (Hack.) Makino

Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hayata

Miscanthus sinensis var. variegatus Beal

Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Beal

Ripidium japonicum (Trin.) Trin.

Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Saccharum japonicum Houtt.

Xiphagrostis japonicus (Trin.) Coville

Aire de croissance de la plante

There are 14 species of Miscanthus, mostly located in South Asia and the Pacific Islands; two species are endemic to China.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows on mountain slopes, on the coasts, below 2000 m.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Japon:

In Japan, the plant is used as thatching for traditional Japanese farmhouses.

In papermaking, it is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

It is also used as fibers mixed with gampi or other fibers to make gasenshi.

After World War II, a papermaker named Shusaku Tomi, on the Noto peninsula (Ishikawa Prefecture), tried again to make paper with these fibers.

Corée:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Indeed miscanthus sinensis seems to be used as a complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

However, this reed is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

Noms de papiers

Japon:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

English

Identification

Fibre type	Stem, straw
Average fibre lenght	2mm
Average fibre width	20µm
Fibre ends	Pointed.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Strong.
Associated cells	Epidermal cells present Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells
Special features
Herzberg staining	Blue
Graff 'C' staining	Blue

Classification botanique

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Erianthus japonicus (Trin.) P. Beauv.

Eulalia japonica Trin.

Eulalia japonica Trin. ex Steud.

Eulalia japonica var. gracillima (Hitchc.) Grier

Miscanthus japonicus (Trin.) Andersson

Miscanthus japonicus Andersson

Miscanthus condensatus Hack.

Miscanthus kanehirae Honda

Miscanthus purpurascens Andersson

Miscanthus sinensis fo. gracillimus (Hitchc.) Ohwi

Miscanthus sinensis fo. sinensis

Miscanthus sinensis fo. variegatus (Beal) Beetle

Miscanthus sinensis subsp. purpurascens (Andersson) Tzvelev

Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus Hitchc.

Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (Andersson) Matsum.

Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus (Hack.) Makino

Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hayata

Miscanthus sinensis var. variegatus Beal

Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Beal

Ripidium japonicum (Trin.) Trin.

Saccharum japonicum Thunb.

Saccharum japonicum Houtt.

Xiphagrostis japonicus (Trin.) Coville

Aire de croissance de la plante

There are 14 species of Miscanthus, mostly located in South Asia and the Pacific Islands; two species are endemic to China.

China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows on mountain slopes, on the coasts, below 2000 m.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Japon:

In Japan, the plant is used as thatching for traditional Japanese farmhouses.

In papermaking, it is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

It is also used as fibers mixed with gampi or other fibers to make gasenshi.

After World War II, a papermaker named Shusaku Tomi, on the Noto peninsula (Ishikawa Prefecture), tried again to make paper with these fibers.

Corée:

From the Joseon period (1392-1910), raw materials traditionally used for paper production, mainly bark of Broussonetias begin to fail. Papermakers face to a growing demand for paper stimulated by the development of publications initiated during the Goryeo period (907-1392). Other plants will be used to provide a fiber supplement such as wisteria, rice, oat and barley straws, bamboo, jute, cotton and hemp but also willow leaves, reeds, the bark and needles of pine.
Indeed miscanthus sinensis seems to be used as a complementary fiber source to fibers of paper mulberry from the 15th century.

However, this reed is mainly used to make the movable screen of the paper mould. Its smooth surface leaves no mark.

Noms de papiers

Japon:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Miscanthus tinctorius (Steud.) Hack © K. Yamasaki

Miscanthus tinctorius (Steud.) Hack © Botanic

Classification botanique

Miscanthus tinctorius (Steud.) Hack

Ordre:

Poales

Famille:

Poaceae

Synonymes:

Erianthus tinctorius Sieber

Miscanthus sieboldii Honda

Saccharum tinctorium Steud.

Aire de croissance de la plante

Eastern Asia, Japan (Honshu)

Grows on the slopes of mountains, in meadows and uncultivated places.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, Japan Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Miscanthus tinctorius is a perennial grass up to 60-150 cm high. It flowers from August to September. The flowers form clusters and produce caryopses.

This grass prefers fresh to moist soils of loamy-sandy type and a semi-shaded exposure. They are resistant to frost.

Stems and leaves contain the dyes. The main dyes, flavones, are luteolin or luteolol and arthraxin.

Dye when fresh, can give a bright yellow; mixed with other colors, mustard yellow to moss green can be obtained. The color has a low fading resistance to light, in particular when the mordant used is alum.

Chine:

This dye was identified in clothing from graves in Xinjiang, dating from the 5^th BC.

Japon:

During the Nara period (710-794), Ibukiyama near Lake Biwa (Shiga Prefecture) is renowned for the quality of its karyasu thanks to favorable growing conditions.

The dye is often confused, because of the proximity of its components, with that extracted from kobunagusa (Arthraxon hispidus L.).

The use of Miscanthus tinctorius is attested in written sources until the 8th century AD. The yellow dye cited in "Ebukuryo" (Garnment code from 8th century AD) may be Karyasu but could also be Kuchinashi (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) or Kihada (Phellodendron amurense).

A recipe for preparing the dye is given in the "Engishiki" which is a collection of laws and regulations dating from the 10th century.

It seems to have been widely used for dyeing clothes of common people and clothes of Buddhist monks.

It is often used in combination with indigo especially Polygonum tinctorium to get greens.
Its use to dye thin papers is mentioned in "Makura no Soshi" or "The pillow book", treaty by Seisho Nagon from the 11th century.

It seems it would have also been used in printing prints despite its very little resistance to light.

Procédés de fabrication

Japon:

Harvesting takes place at the end of summer when the ears are formed. The stems are mowed and collected in stacks which are left to dry until winter. They are dried quickly before they could be stained by impurities from water or the soil.

To prepare the dye, stems and leaves are boiled. After filtration of the color, the items to be dyed are immersed in the bath and then placed in an alkaline bath (camellia ash lye in particular) to get a very intense yellow. With alum mordant color tends to be green.

Dyeing of papers is performed in two ways: pulp dyeing (sukizome) or sheet dyeing (hitashizome by dipping or hikizome by brushing).

To dye paper by soaking, the sheets are plucked one by one between two wooden sticks by the small side. This will keep the sheet flat during soaking.

Corée:

The papers are dyed in three ways: dyeing of the pulp (Seonyeombeop), dyeing of the sheet by dipping, brushing and spraying (Huyeombeop ), combination of the both methods (Honyeombeop). Then the paper can be hammered.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Leaf

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Dye

Onglets principaux

Avena sativa L.

Avena sativa L.

Avena sativa L.

Avena sativa L.

Wisteria floribunda (willd.) DC

Avena sativa L.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus tinctorius (Steud.) Hack

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Formulaire de recherche

Recherche

Onglets principaux

Avena sativa L.

Avena sativa L.

Avena sativa L.

Avena sativa L.

Wisteria floribunda (willd.) DC

Avena sativa L.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus sinensis Anders.

Miscanthus tinctorius (Steud.) Hack

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