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Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Hibiscus cannabinus is an annual herb which can reach more than 3 m high. The flowers are pale yellow or red with crimson centres. Blooming occurs from summer to autumn. Its growth is rapid; the plant can reach over four feet in four months.

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Kenaf is used in India for the manufacture of cigarette paper. The rapid growth of the plant encourages papermakers to use it instead of wood in the production of paper pulp. Thus, the bast fibers or the whole stem itself are used.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Korean

Local scripture:

케나프

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Japanese

Local scripture:

マユミ

真弓

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © Flora of China

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © C. Laroque

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume © L.B. Vilmont

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	0,5 – 1 mm
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Looks like hemp but shorter.
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining	Red pink.

Classification botanique

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Ordre:

Celastrales

Famille:

Celastraceae

Synonymes:

Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldiana Hara

Aire de croissance de la plante

Euonymus are native to East-Asia and Himalayas. It grows in China (Northeast), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Russia (Sakhalin).

Grow on mountains and hills.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Japan.

Culture et usages de la plante

Euonymus Sieboldianus is a wild or cultivated deciduous shrub, up to 2-4m high. Flowering occurs in May to June. Flowers are pale green to pink. It produces pink red fruits. The plant has medicinal properties. All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested.

Japon:

The plant was used during the Nara period (710-794) for sutras.

This paper has been widely used as carrier of painting before kozo papers were preferred.

Noms de papiers

Japon:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Bark

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

English

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Chinese

Local scripture:

红麻

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	0,5 – 1 mm
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features	Looks like hemp but shorter.
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining	Red pink.

Classification botanique

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Ordre:

Celastrales

Famille:

Celastraceae

Synonymes:

Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldiana Hara

Aire de croissance de la plante

Euonymus are native to East-Asia and Himalayas. It grows in China (Northeast), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Korea, Russia (Sakhalin).

Grow on mountains and hills.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

Japan.

Culture et usages de la plante

Japon:

The plant was used during the Nara period (710-794) for sutras.

This paper has been widely used as carrier of painting before kozo papers were preferred.

Noms de papiers

Japon:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Bark

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

Korean

Local scripture:

양마

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Langue:

French

Identification

Fibre type	Bast fiber.
Average fibre lenght	5mm
Average fibre width	21μm
Fibre ends	Very variable, tapering rounded.
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases	Faint crossmarkings.
Associated cells	Often present. Pitted vessel elements and parenchyma cells. Presence of cratered vessels larger than those of flax, but similar to hemp.
Special features	Short fibers. Irregularly shaped fiber ends and walls lumen. Looks like woodpulp (vessels) and straw pulp. Transverse shape: square or rectangular.
Herzberg staining	Blue.
Graff 'C' staining	Fiber in yellow with blue or green lumen.

Classification botanique

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Ordre:

Malvales

Famille:

Malvaceae

Synonymes:

Abelmoschus verrucosus (Guill. & Perr.) Walp.

Furcaria cavanillesii Kostel.

Hibiscus unidens Lindl.

Hibiscus verrucosus Guill. & Perr.

Ketmia glandulosa Moench

Aire de croissance de la plante

Native to Africa and India.

Cultivated in China (Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, East-Asia, East Africa.

Aire d’utilisation dans la fabrication des papiers

China, India, Japan, Korea.

Culture et usages de la plante

Kenaf was grown in Egypt a millennium BC for making ropes and cloth (bags, sails).

The plant is grown all over Asia, mainly as fiber crop and for its oil which is used industrially. The fibers are used in the manufacture of coarse fabrics such as carpets.

Japon:

Kenaf is a modern paper fiber in Japan.

Procédés de fabrication

The harvest takes place in November-December when the stem has lost its leaves.

Noms de papiers

Partie utilisée de la plante:

Stem

Utilisation dans la fabrication du papier:

Fiber

Onglets principaux

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Pages

Formulaire de recherche

Recherche

Onglets principaux

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Pages