Muliki

Language:

Local scripture:

물이끼

Sphagnum palustre L. © CFH Nature Museum

Identification

Fibre type	....
Average fibre length
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated Cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Sphagnum palustre L.

Order:

Sphagnales

Family:

Sphagnaceae

Synonyms:

Sphagnum cymbifolioides Breutel

Sphagnum cymbifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.

Sphagnum cymbifolium var. squarrosulum Nees & Hornsch.

Sphagnum deflexum Gilib.

Sphagnum glaucum H. Klinggr.

Sphagnum japonicum Warnst.

Sphagnum klinggraeffii Roll

Sphagnum lonchocladum Müll. Hal.

Sphagnum oblongum P. Beauv.

Sphagnum obtusifolium Ehrh.

Sphagnum palustre ssp. cymbifolium Ehrh..

Sphagnum palustre var. latifolium F.W. Weiss

Sphagnum subbicolor Hampe

Sphagnum sulphureum Warnst.

Sphagnum vulgare Michx.

Plant growing area

The genus is distributed nearly throughout the world. It is more abundant in the cooler temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere.

Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Thailand.

It grows in bogs, on wet grassland or undergrowth, on rocks and humid soils near streams.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea.

Plant cultivation and use

Bogmoss is a kind of bryophyte moss or plant which has retained the character of the first plants that have evolved on land. It is a plant without roots or true conducting tissues which erected stems are 10 to 25 cm high; it grows very slowly on the surface (3 cm per year) while its lower parts dye forming the peat.

China:

In the "Yunju Mishu" or "Rare Books in Yunju", text written during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) which gives information on raw materials used in the manufacture of paper and provinces where they are used, it is stated that moss is used in the maritime areas of China. Is this moss, bog moss or algae?

Korea:

Bog moss is used in the form of filaments, mixed with other fibers.

Vernacular names

Chinese

Ni tan xian shu	泥炭藓属

Japanese

Oomizugoke	オオミズゴケ

Korean

Muliki	물이끼

French

Sphaigne

English

Bog moss

Paper names

The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Papers

Korea

Cheukriji
Taeji		Teajangji

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Leaf

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Spyrigira turfosa F. Gray © Biologie-resources

Spyrigira turfosa F. Gray © Protist-information service

Identification

Fibre type
Average fibre lenght
Average fibre width
Fibre ends
Striations, cross-markings, flexion creases
Associated cells
Special features
Herzberg staining
Graff 'C' staining

Botanical classification

Spirogyra turfosa F. Gray

Order:

Zygnematales

Family:

Zygnemataceae

Plant growing area

It is commonly found in freshwaters reported from all continents.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Korea, Thailand.

Plant cultivation and use

There are more than 400 species of Spirogyra in the world. Spirogyra Turfosa is a genus of filamentous green algae that lives in freshwater, in shallow ponds, ditches and at the edges of large lakes. It grows under water until spring and then with increasing of heat and sun, it develops as a floating viscous filaments mass of few centimeters.

China:

Algae were used during the Seonjin period (265-316) and then under the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279).

In the "Yunju Mishu" or "Rare Books in Yunju", text written during the Song Dynasty and giving information on raw materials used in the manufacture of paper and provinces where they are used, it is stated that moss is used in the maritime areas of China. Is this moss, bog moss or algae ?

Korea:

Spyrogyra turfosa is the commonest macroscopic freshwater algae in Korea. Algae have been used in Korea as decorative element in paper, generally mixed with the bark of paper mulberry.

These papers were produced during the Joseon period (1392-1910) for paper correspondence or poetry.

Thailand:

This is a modern use for decorative papers.

Algaes come from the sea and are washed, cooked and beaten.

Vernacular names

Chinese

Ni tang luo dai gu zao	泥炭螺带鼓藻

Korean

Muliki	물이끼

English

Blanket weed
Mermaid's tresses
Water silk

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure.
The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

China:

Suffixes zhi or chih = paper.

In China, unlike Korea and Japan, papers made with paper mulberry fibers are not prominent, the production of paper from bamboo fiber being the most important.

Korea:

Suffix ji = paper.

In Korea papers made with paper mulberry bark are the most numerous.

Papers

China

Zeliji

Korea

Baekteaji
Taeji		Teajangji

Used part of the plant:

Stem

Use for paper making:

Fiber

Search form

Muliki

Sphagnum palustre L.

Papers

Spirogyra turfosa F. Gray

Papers