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Sekishu is a glossy fine quality paper; it is considered as very long-lasting and resistant to insect attack thanks to the use of "medecines" added to the dyes. It is used for writing documents and for printing. The colored papers are used in the manufacture of book-bindings, wallpapers and for lining fusumas.
In Ehime Prefecture kozo will be replaced by mitsumata during the Meiji period (1868-1912); it is called Kairyo hanshi ie improved paper.

Origin:

Japan

Local scripture:

石州

Synonym:

光沢のある半紙

Botanical name:

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.

Danshi (or michinoikugami – “Paper from the North”) was made across Japan during the Edo period (1603-1868) but its production would have started during the Nara period (710-794) or Heian period (794-1185); the first papers were made from fibers of spindle tree (Eonymus sieboldiana Blume) and the kozo fibers replaced them during the Heian period.

Echizen (Fukui Prefecture) was a major production center but the northern region of Tohoku dominated this manufacturing; it was done in the Abukuma valley in the south and at Hiraizumi, north of Shiroishi which was the center of the paper industry for many centuries in Kamikawasaki in Adachi county (Fukushima prefecture); Adachi seems to have been the first michinokugami production place at the end of the tenth century. Its production will be exported in many parts of Japan.

In the Heian period the paper is popular in the court for writing. It has a wrinkled texture, shape adopted during the Edo period. It is used during ceremonies to wrap gifts and as luxury wrapping paper.

Dimensions: 47 / 61cm

Origin:

Japan

Local scripture:

檀紙

Synonym:

Michinoikugami 陸奥紙

Botanical name:

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.

Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold & Zucc.

Euonymus sieboldianus Blume

Imitation japonaise du xuanzhi. Nom donné pour le différencier du vrai papier chinois appelé « hongasen » ou « senshi ». Les dimensions varient entre 96/180cm, 84/150cm, 69/135cm. Il est généralement produit avec des fibres de kozo.

La production augmente dans la seconde moitié du 20^e siècle. Les régions concernées sont les préfectures de Tottori, Ehime, Yamanashi.

Origin:

Japon

Botanical name:

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.

Ulmus cavaleriei H. Lev.

Nom ancien pour désigner le papier de kozo généralement fabriqué par la méthode du tamezuki.

Origin:

Japon

Local scripture:

穀紙

Botanical name:

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent.

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

五味子

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

A mucilage is extracted from the roots and the stem which is used as formation aid in paper making. This viscous material is added to the pulp to increase its viscosity and thus delay the settling of fibers in the tank. In addition, the mucilage allows a better dispersion of the long fibers.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

In Asia and particularly in China, Korea and Japan, the papers are intended for a wide range of use: Papers for calligraphy and art, Papers for ceremonies, Paper as a medium of exchange, money paper, Papers for making clothes, wall hangings and bedding, Papers for architecture, interior design, Papers for crafts of various kinds, for domestic purposes and leisure. The names assigned to the paper refers to different notions: The material used, The place of production, The method of production, Appearance, Dimensions, Use, The name of an artist or a studio etc.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

Korean

Local scripture:

오미자

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

Japanese

Local scripture:

さねかずら

サネカズラ

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Language:

Chinese

Local scripture:

日本南五味子

Botanical classification

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Order:

Austrobaileyales

Family:

Schisandraceae

Synonyms:

Uvaria japonica L.

Kadsura matsudae Hayata

Plant growing area

China (Fujian), Japan, Korea, Taiwan.

Grows in tropical and temperate Asia forests, often near rivers, from near sea level to 2000 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

China, Lorea, Japan.

Japan:

Chubu (Aichi prefecture).

Plant cultivation and use

Kadsura Japonica is a persistent woody vine. It is in flower from June to September. The plant adapts to various kinds of soils; it prefers semi-shade exposition.

The fruits are edible. They are used in the pharmacopoeia.

Kadzura japonica is used both as a dispersing agent and as a dyeing agent (fruits). Its acid pH can adjust the color.

Japan:

It has been used as a formation aid but has been replaced by Tororo aoi since the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the 1990s.

Binan Kazura is preferably used in summer because the mucilage does not lose its properties in hot weather. It is much less used than other Neri plants.

Paper names

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = paper.

In Japan kozo papers are the most numerous.

Used part of the plant:

Leaf

Fruit

Stem

Use for paper making:

Formation aid

Dyeing aid

Sophora flavescens Aiton © Flora of China

Identification

Type de fibres	Fibres libériennes
Longueur moyenne des fibres
Largeur moyenne des fibres
Extrémités des fibres
Striations, noeuds, plis de flexion
Cellules associées
Caractéristiques particulières	Similaire au Broussonetia papyrifera mais fibres plus courtes. Membrane transparente autour des fibres.
Coloration Herzberg
Coloration Graff 'C'	Rouge brun.

Botanical classification

Sophora flavescens Aiton

Order:

Fabales

Family:

Fabaceae

Synonyms:

Sophora angustifolia Siebold & Zucc.

Sophora flavescens angustifolia f. angustifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Yakovlev

Sophora macrosperma DC.

Plant growing area

Chine (dans toutes les provinces), Corée, Inde, Japon, Russie.

Pousse sur les pentes des collines, dans les champs, au dessous de 1500 m.

Use area in the manufacture of paper

Chine, Japon.

Japan:

Chubu (préfecture de Shizuoka), Shikoku (préfecture deTokushima).

Plant cultivation and use

Arbuste à feuillage persistant de 1 à 2m de hauteur à croissance lente. Floraison entre juin et août et fructification de juillet à octobre.

La plante s’adapte aux sols légers sableux comme aux sols lourds argileux, acides ou basiques mais nécessite un sol bien drainé. Ne pousse pas dans la pénombre.

La racine et la tige sont utilisées comme plantes médicinales en Chine et au Japon. La kushenine (un flavonoïde) est utilisé dans divers traitements du système digestif et les maladies de la peau.

L’écorce est résistante aux insectes.

Japan:

Utilisation pendant la période Nara (710-794). L’utilisation s’arrête pendant la période Heian (794-1185). L’utilisation est mentionnée dans le Engishiki qui est un recueil de lois datant de 927.

N’est plus utilisé au japon.

Paper names

En Asie et plus particulièrement en Chine, Corée et Japon, les papiers sont destinés à une grande variété d’usage : Papiers pour la calligraphie et les arts, Papiers pour les cérémonies, Papiers comme moyen d’échange, papier monnaie Papiers pour la confection des vêtements, de tentures murales et la literie, Papiers pour l’architecture, la décoration intérieure, Papiers pour les objets d’artisanat de diverses natures, destinés à des usages domestiques ou de loisirs. Les noms attribués aux papiers se réfèrent à diverses notions : Le matériau utilisé, Le lieu de production, La méthode de production, L’apparence, Les dimensions, L’utilisation, Le nom d’un artiste ou d’un atelier etc.

Japan:

Suffixes kami, gami, shi = papier.

Au Japon les papiers de kozo sont les plus nombreux.

Used part of the plant:

Écorce

Use for paper making:

Fibre

Primary tabs

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Sophora flavescens Aiton

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Primary tabs

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Kadsura japonica (L.) Dunal

Sophora flavescens Aiton

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